This article deals with legal issues concerning automated vehicles equipped with the power to learn. Specifically, questions of liability are to be addressed; firstly, liability for accidents involving automated vehicles and secondly, liability for deficient, automated vehicles under product liability law. The main goal of this article is to explore the impact of the automated vehicle’s learning skills on liability. The article concludes with a summary of the findings as well as a perspective on future developments and risk allocation.
We investigate the relationship between income tax rate variation and internal migration for the unique case of Switzerland, whose system of determining tax rates primarily at the community level results in enough variation to permit analysis of their influence on migration. Specifically, using Swiss census data, we analyze migratory responses to tax rate variations for various groups defined by age, education, and nationality/residence permit. The results suggest that young Swiss college graduates are most sensitive to tax rate differences, but the estimated effects are not large enough to offset the revenue-increasing effect of a rise in tax rate. The migratory responses of foreigners and other age-education groups are even smaller, and reverse causation seems negligible.
Der Bundesrat hat Ende des Jahres 2010 eine Teilrevision des Obligationenrechts in die Vernehmlassung geschickt. Vorgesehen sind vereinzelte Änderungen der Bestimmungen über die missbräuchliche Kündigung und der ungerechtfertigten fristlosen Entlassung. Im Zentrum der Änderungsvorschläge steht die Erhöhung des Sanktionsrahmens bei missbräuchlicher Kündigung von heute sechs auf neu zwölf Monate. Im Beitrag werden die Hintergründe und die Inhalte der anstehenden Revision des Kündigungsrechts dargelegt. Die beabsichtigten Änderungen werden kritisch beleuchtet und es werden Ergänzungs- oder Anpassungsvorschläge präsentiert.
Stakeholder theory has addressed the role of trust in organization-stakeholder relationships in depth. Although it is similarly relevant, distrust as a distinct construct from (low) trust has received relatively little consideration by stakeholder theorists. Thus, this article focuses on stakeholder distrust and reflects on the findings of distrust research in organizational studies and the implications for stakeholder theory. For this purpose, we conduct a systematic literature review of organizational distrust research to develop tentative propositions about the antecedents and consequences of stakeholder distrust. Value incongruence, outgroup bias and malevolence portray three essential antecedents of distrust between stakeholders and organizations, whereas reduced value creation constitutes one major consequence of stakeholder distrust. With this contribution, we encourage other stakeholder theorists to expand the research and discussion on distrust in organization-stakeholder relationships.
