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Weshalb Vertrauen für die Wirtschaft besser ist als Kontrolle

Globalisierung erhöht in Unternehmen Bedarf an Risikosteuerung und Kontrolle – Überregulierung? – Audit society versus Trust society

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Deutsch / 15/04/2006

Grounding-Gefahr für die Krankenversicherer: Die Senkung der Pflichtreserven birgt zu grosse Risiken

Die vom Bundesrat angestrebte Senkung der Pflichtreserven der Krankenversicherer nimmt ein grösseres Risiko für einen allfälligen Konkurs in Kauf als bisher. Ein statistisch gesehen zu grosses Risiko, wie der Autor des folgenden Beitrags meint, der darlegt, dass damit künftig
mit zwei Konkursen pro Jahr gerechnet werden müsste.

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Deutsch / 11/04/2006

Violations of betweenness or random errors?

A betweenness axiom states that if A and B are equally good then a mixture of A and B is equally good as well. This note demonstrates that the violations of the betweenness axiom documented in several experimental studies can be alternatively attributed to the effect of random errors.

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English / 01/04/2006

Tax Compliance as the Result of a Psychological Tax Contract: The Role of Incentives and Responsive Regulation

In this paper, we develop the concept of a psychological tax contract that goes beyond thentraditional deterrence model and explains tax morale as a complicated interaction betweenntaxpayers and the government. Based on crowding theory, the impact of deterrence and rewardsnon tax morale is discussed. As a contractual relationship implies duties and rights for each contract partner,...

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English / 01/04/2006

The as-is journal review process: Let authors own their ideas

Recently, the problems associated with the existing journal review processnaroused discussions from seasoned management researchers, who have also made useful suggestions for improving the process. To complement these suggestions, we propose a more radical change: a manuscript should be reviewed on an “as is”nbasis and its fate be determined in one round of review. The as-is review...

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English / 01/04/2006

Tax Morale and Conditional Cooperation

Why so many people pay their taxes, although fines and audit probability are low, has become a central question in the tax compliance literature. A homo economicus, with a more refined motivation structure, helps us to shed light on this puzzle. This paper provides empirical evidence for the relevance of conditional cooperation, using survey data from 30 West and East European...

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English / 01/04/2006

Environmental Morale and Motivation

This chapter discusses the role of environmental morale and environmental motivation in individual behavior from the point of view of economics and psychology. It deals with the fundamental public good problem, and presents empirical (laboratory and field) evidence on how the cooperation problem can be overcome. Four different theoretical approaches are distinguished according to how...

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English / 01/04/2006

The effect of sunk costs on the outcome of alternating-offers bargaining between inequity-averse agents

When investments are specific to a relationship and contracting possibilities are incomplete, the efficiency of a joint venture may be severely impaired by ex-post opportunistic and hold-up type behavior. How is the logic of this argument affected by inequity aversion? In this paper I show that incentives to invest are stronger with inequity aversion because a higher investment by an...

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English / 01/04/2006

Knowledge creation in new product development projects

In this article, the authors develop and test hypotheses relating the four knowledge creation modes of socialization, externalization, combination, and internalization as performed during the concept and the development phases of new product development projects to new product success. Using data from 94 new product development projects, they find that socialization during the...

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English / 01/04/2006

Relative Income Position and Performance: An Empirical Panel Analysis

Many studies have established that people care a great deal about their relative economic position and not solely, as standard economic theory assumes, about their absolute economic position. However, behavioral evidence is rare. This paper provides an empirical analysis on how individuals’ relative income position affectsntheir performance. Using a unique data set for 1114 soccer...

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English / 01/04/2006

Einführung in die Statistiksoftware STATA

STATA ist eine umfangreiche Statistiksoftware, welche sich sowohl zur Verwaltung von umfangreichen Datenbeständen als auch zur statistischen Analyse eignet. Diese kurze Einführungngibt einen ¨Uberblick¨uber die allgemeine Syntax des Programmes sowie die wichtigsten Anweisungen zur Datenaufbereitung und –analyse. Diese Einführung dient der selbstädigen Einarbeitungnin das Programm....

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English / 01/04/2006

Active Decisions and Pro-social Behavior: A Field Experiment on Blood Donation

"In this paper, we propose a decision framework where people are individually asked to either actively consent or dissent to some pro-social behavior. We hypothesize that confronting individuals with the choice of engaging in a specific pro-social behavior contributes to the formation of issue-specific altruistic preferences while simultaneouslyninvolving a commitment. The...

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English / 01/04/2006

Portfolio Choice with Loss Aversion, Asymmetric Risk-Taking Behavior and Segregation of Riskless Opportunities

In this paper we present a two period model, where the agent'snpreferences are described by prospect theory as proposed by Kahneman and Tversky. We solve for the agent's portfolio decision. Our findings are that the changes in portfolio weights depend crucially on the reference point and the ratio between the reference point and the current wealth, and thus only indirectly...

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English / 01/04/2006

Tax Evasion in Switzerland: The Roles of Deterrence and Tax Morale

The traditional economic approach to tax evasion does not appear to be particularly successful in explaining the extent of tax compliance. We argue instead that a psychological tax contractnwhich establishes a fiscal exchange between the state and the citizens shapes tax compliance to a large extent. In that respect, a case study of Switzerland is useful because the small size of the...

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English / 01/04/2006

Blood and Ink! The Common-Interest-GameBetween Terrorists and the Media

It has often been pointed out in the literature that a symbiotic relationship exists betweennterrorist groups and the media. As yet, however, no formal model has been built based on thisnissue and only very little empirical research has been done in this field. The presentncontribution builds a simple game theoretic model, focussing on the social interactionsnbetween terrorists and...

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English / 01/04/2006

Correlated Risks: A Conflict of Interest Between Insurers and Consumers and Its Resolution

This contribution starts out by noting a conflict of interest between consumers and insurers. Consumers face positive correlation in their assets (health, wealth, wisdom, i.e. skills), causing them to demand a great deal of insurance coverage. Insurers on the other hand eschew positively correlated risks. It can be shown that insurance contributes to a reduction of their asset...

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English / 01/04/2006

C-CAPM Refinements and the Cross-Section of Returns

This paper studies if the consumption-based asset pricing model can explain the cross-section of expected returns. The CRRA model and several refinements (habit persistence and idiosyncratic shocks) all imply that the conditional expected return is linearly increasing in the asset's conditional covariance with consumption growth. Results from quarterly data on the 25 Fama-French...

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English / 01/04/2006

Altersdiskriminierung - Prävention durch Training

Zwei Personen bewerben sich auf einen Stelle. Ihre Lebensläufe sind fast identisch und beide bringen die für die Position erwünschten Jahre an Berufserfahrung mit. Die eine Person ist 30, die andere 50 Jahre alt. Der Personalleiter entscheidet sich für den 30-Jährigen: "...denn der kommt frischer rüber".

Deutsch / 01/04/2006

Competition Advocacy: Time for Rethink?

This paper examines the conventional wisdom concerning competition advocacy, paying particular attention to the applicability of such wisdom to developing countries. The definition of competition advocacy, its evaluation, and the likelihood of its successful implementation are discussed in some detail. The paper concludes with a call for considerably more thought about what, hitherto...

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English / 01/04/2006

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