Learning by collaboratively writing scientific hyperbooks requires specific software tools. We present a model for creating, managing, and viewing the contents of the hyperbook. The model we propose includes the representation of information fragments and their relationships; a specific representation of concepts (terminological fragments) and a language for the creation of hypertext views adapted to the various objectives of the users. The definition of concepts, which plays an essential role in scientific writings, is represented in a formal language of the descriptive logic kind, which enables to apply various automatic processing to them. Moreover, the same concept can be defined according to various points of view. A purely declarative language allows the definition of the views that constitute the interface of the hyperbook. We also present the architecture of a hyperbook management system which is based on a database management system and a hypertext view generation system for databases.
Nowadays BYOD and mobile work are a reality even if they challenge traditional security perimeters and risk management that mainly focus on the threats that these mobile opportunities create. They do not consider their potential benefits, e.g., if a user cannot work when being paid then the productivity is lower. It is the reason that in this paper we introduce a new risk management model, called OPPRIM, where opportunities are also taken into account. We first start by surveying previous work showing that opportunities have been underestimated. Then we detail our OPPRIM model. Finally we present the results of our evaluations through a user survey, quantitative data analysis at company level and simulations. For further enhancements, we have released an open-source OPPRIM simulator of more than 30 000 lines of Java code available on Github.
We present a model for creating, managing, and viewing the contents of scientific hyperbooks. The model we propose is based on reusable information fragments and on terminological fragments that contain concept definitions. The definition of concepts, which plays an essential role in scientific writings, are represented in a formal language. These formal definitions can then be processed to automatically infer semantic links between fragments. In addition, concept definitions, which can be attached to “points of view”, can serve as a meta-information level to qualify the other fragments. Instead of having a fixed hyperdocument structure, as would be the case with HTML pages, the model includes an external view mechanism to generate a wide variety of hypertext views from the fragment repository. This enables the user to read (and write) the hyperbook in many different ways, according to different axis, needs, or tasks. A purely declarative language allows the definition of the views that make up the interface of the hyperbook. We also present the architecture of a hyperbook management system which is based on a database management system and a hypertext view generation system for databases.
A crucial aspect of the Semantic Web is the capacity to add formalized meanings to information to enable non-human actors to process it. This is usually accomplished by linking the information to an ontology that describes the domain's concepts. In the Web's context it does not seem realistic to represent this semantic layer on a central server, as this model would not reflect the characteristics of presently used, non-centralized networks like the current Web. Therefore we are confronted with a huge number of locally developed and stored ontologies, and we need some kind of integration techniques to connect ontologies developed for the Semantic Web. In this article, we describe our experience with ontology-based e-learning systems and we propose a mechanism to integrate such systems into a Semantic Web context. We concretely present our hyperbook model and show how hyperbooks can be integrated into digital libraries by an ontology mapping procedure.
Dans le cadre d'une approche pédagogique basée sur l'écriture collaborative d'hyperlivres, nous avons développé et utilisé divers modèles et systèmes d'hyperlivres fondés sur la notion de document virtuel. L'une des composantes de ces hyperlivres est une ontologie de domaine qui sert à la fois à l'organisation de l'hyperlivre et à l'inférence de liens et de documents d'interface. Dans cet article nous présentons tout d'abord nos modèles d'hyperlivres avec pour chacun d'eux les observations que nous avons pu effectuer lors de leur utilisation. Nous montrons ensuite un certain nombre d'enseignements que nous avons tirés de ces observations à propos de l'utilisation des ontologies de domaine. Ces enseignements se situent d'une part au niveau de l'ingénierie des hyperlivres et d'autre part au niveau de la création d'ontologies. Finalement nous montrons comment utiliser les ontologies pour étendre le concept d'hyperlivre vers la prise en compte de divers points de vue, l'intégration d'hyperlivres dans une bibliothèque, la personnalisation et la génération de documentations.
