How do top-managers cognize on their organizations' role in the societal environment? As of today, we lack sufficient psychometric data about such perceived impact on society. In this paper, data from top managers from 40 organizations (half private, half public) are presented. In our empirical study we applied a version of the
Kelly-Grid to elicit managerial cognitions. The richness of constructs points to a broad awareness of distinct impacts on society. The study also shows that subjects tend to assume that "the wider public" does not differentiate between distinct value dimensions and is basically "in line" with the top management views - unless the organization is confronted with concrete public critique. This phenomenon of "idealized value merger" is interpreted from different theoretical viewpoints.
The leadership literature shows consistent, sizeable, and persistent effects indicating that female leaders face significant biases in the workplace compared with male leaders. However, the social identity leadership literature suggests these biases might be overcome at the team level by adjusting the number of women in the team. Building on this work, we conducted 2 multiple source, multiple wave, multi-level randomized field experiments to test if the gender composition of teams helps to restore equity in leadership evaluations of men and women. Across two samples of university students engaged in a team-building exercise, we find that male leaders are rated as more prototypical leaders than female leaders despite no differences in leaders’ self-reported prototypicality; however, this male leadership advantage is eliminated in gender- balanced teams. In Study 2, we extend this finding by supporting a moderated mediation model showing that leader gender and the team’s gender composition interact to relate to perceived trust in the leader, through the mediating mechanism of leader prototypicality. Findings support the social identity model of organizational leadership and indicate a boundary condition of role congruity theory, bolstering our need for a more social relational, context-based approach to leadership.
Le tourisme déclenche d'importants flux de transport et constitue un facteur incontournable d’évolution paysagère, notamment dans sa ver-sion intensive. Les nombreuses activités sportives et de loisirs, les infrastructures de transport, d’hébergement et de restauration impactent l’environnement et le paysage. Les déplacements automobiles et aériens, très énergivores, repré-sentent une part importante de la consommation énergétique globale. En privilégiant le train ou la mobilité douce, le bilan énergétique s’en verrait considérablement réduit.
