Der Schweizer Postmarkt soll für die Konkurrenz geöffnet werden. Gleichzeitig soll die Grundversorgung – der so genannte Service Public – weiterhin gewährleistet sein. Mit der Marktöffnung wird dem ehemaligen Monopolisten die Grundlage zur Finanzierung der Grundversorgung entzogen.
Zur Sicherstellung der Grundversorgung im Wettbewerb muss der ehemalige Monopolanbieter deshalb für die zusätzlichen Kosten entschädigt werden, die ihm aus der Grundversorgungsverpflichtung entstehen. Im Folgenden werden die drei wichtigsten Methoden zur Kostenermittlung der Grundversorgung – Net Avoided Cost, Entry Pricing und Profitability Cost – beschrieben. Es wird beurteilt, für welche Fragestellungen sich welche Methoden eignen und worin deren Vor- und Nachteile liegen.
INTRODUCTION In recent years, the importance of income from broadcasting rights for professional sports clubs' revenues has increased significantly both in the U.S. and in Europe [see Cave and Crandall, 2001]. While up to the 1980s gate receipts have constituted the major pillar of revenues, this role has since been taken over by income out of broadcasting rights sales [Andreff and Staudohar, 2000].
This paper develops a model of a professional sports league with network externalities by integrating the theory of two-sided markets into a contest model. In professional team sports, the competition of the clubs functions as a platform that enables sponsors to interact with fans. In these club-mediated interactions, positive network e¤ects operate from the fan market to the sponsor market, while positive or negative network e¤ects operate from the sponsor market to the fan market. Clubs react to these network e¤ects by charging higher (lower) prices to sponsors (fans). The size of these network effects also determines the level of competitive balance within the league. We further show that clubs benefit from stronger combined network e¤ects through higher profits and that network externalities can mitigate the negative effect of revenue sharing on competitive balance. Finally, we derive implications for improving competitive balance by taking advantage of network externalities.
