What are students' entrepreneurial intentions and activities across the world? This question is of highest social and economic relevance. Students represent the entrepreneurs of tomorrow; their entrepreneurial plans and activities will shape tomorrow's societies and the overall
economic well-being.
Hence, it is of highest interest for different stakeholders such as academics, practitioners, educators, policy-makers, and last but not least students how many students intend to pursue an entrepreneurial career and how those ntrepreneurial intentions come into being.
The GUESSS project (Global Universiy Entrepreneurial Spirit Students' Survey) addresses this question on a global level. For that purpose, the 6th data collection wave in the history of GUESSS was conducted in 34 countries at more than 700 universities between October 2013 and March 2014. This led to a dataset with more than 109'000 complete student responses.
This report provides an in-depth analysis of this unique dataset, shedding a nuanced light on students' entrepreneurial intentions and concrete activities. We focused in particular on cross-country comparisons, whereby we also consider numerous other relevant aspects, such as gender and specific social and cultural determinants.
The economic and social relevance of entrepreneurship in general and new ventures in particular is well-established across the world. Students, as they could be the entrepreneurs of tomorrow, have attracted considerable scholarly and public attention in the last decades. Despite strong research efforts in the past, many questions are still not sufficiently answered. Which individual, societal, family- and university-related factors enhance students' intention
to found their own company? How do students' entrepreneurial intentions and activities compare across a multitude of nations? Are there globally applicable best practices?
To generate unique insights and contributions that address these gaps, it is thus imperative to further investigate students' entrepreneurial intentions, activities and their antecedents on a global level. This is the overarching goal of the GUESSS research project (Global Universiy Entrepreneurial Spirit Students' Survey).
This report presents the results and insights of the 2011 edition of the GUESSS project on the global level. In Spring 2011, a large-scale quantitative survey was conducted in 26 different countries, addressing more than 1 Million students from 489 Universities, leading to a data set with more than 93'000 responses (N=93'265).
Numerous scholars have accumulated evidence on the positive effects that employees' organizational justice perceptions exert on work-related outcomes such as affective commitment. However, research still lacks understanding of the underlying mechanisms connecting the two constructs. In this article we aim to narrow this gap by examining the concept of psychological ownership as a possible mediator between organizational justice perceptions and affective commitment. Investigating a sample of 619 employees, we find distributive justice to be positively related to psychological ownership, and observe psychological ownership as a full mediator of the distributive justice and affective commitment relationship. These insights offer a new explanation in understanding the justice-commitment connection, contributing to both organizational justice and psychological ownership literature and opening up ways for promising future research
Numerous scholars have accumulated evidence on the positive effects that employees’ organizational justice perceptions exert on work-related outcomes such as affective commitment. However, research still lacks understanding of the underlying mechanisms connecting the two constructs. In this article we aim to narrow this gap by examining the concept of psychological ownership as a possible mediator between organizational justice perceptions and affective commitment. Investigating a sample of 619 employees, we find distributive justice to be positively related to psychological ownership, and observe psychological ownership as a full mediator of the distributive justice and affective commitment relationship. These insights offer a new explanation in understanding the justice-commitment connection, contributing to both organizational justice and psychological ownership literature and opening up ways for promising future research.
A main challenge that family businesses face is fostering non-family employees' val-ue-creating attitudes, such as affective commitment and job satisfaction. While justice perceptions have been identified as being critical in the creation of these outcomes, the process how they actually evolve is less clear, especially in family firms. We address this gap by introducing psychological ownership as a mediator in the relationships between justice perceptions (distributive and procedural) and common work attitudes (affective commitment and job satisfaction). Our analysis of a sample of 310 non-family employees from family firms in German-speaking Switzerland and Germany reveals that psychological ownership mediates the relationships between distributive justice and affective commitment as well as job satisfaction. This leads to valuable contributions to family business research, organizational justice and psychological ownership literatures, and to practice.
Due to numerous characteristics often attributed to family firms, they constitute a unique context for non-family employees' justice perceptions. These are linked to non-family employees' pro-organizational attitudes and behaviors, which are essential for family firms' success. Even though scholarly interest in non-family employees' justice perceptions has increased, more research is still need, also because the mechanism connecting justice perceptions and favorable outcomes is not fully understood yet. We address this gap by explicitly investigating non-family employees' justice perceptions and by introducing psychological ownership as a mediator in the relationships between justice perceptions (distributive and procedural) and common work attitudes (affective commitment and job satisfaction). Our analysis of a sample of 310 non-family employees from Germany and German-speaking Switzerland reveals that psychological ownership mediates the relationships between distributive justice and affective commitment as well as job satisfaction. This represents valuable contributions to family business research, organizational justice and psychological ownership literature, and to practice
Die volkswirtschaftliche und soziale Bedeutung von Unternehmensgründungen ist allgemein anerkannt. Studierenden aller Fachrichtungen kommt dabei zu Recht ein hohes Mass an Aufmerksamkeit zu, da diese die UnternehmerInnen von morgen darstellen. Es ist also mehr als gerechtfertigt, die unternehmerischen Absichten, Aktivitäten und relevanten Einflussfaktoren in diesem Kontext weiter zu erforschen.
Dies ist das übergeordnete Ziel des internationalen Forschungsprojekts GUESSS (Global University Entrepreneurial Spirit Students‘ Survey). Dabei fokussieren wir
uns jedoch nicht nur auf Unternehmensgründungen. Unternehmertum kann vielerlei Formen annehmen, beispielsweise auch die Übernahme eines bestehenden Unternehmens, oder der Einstieg ins elterliche Familienunternehmen. Der vorliegende Bericht illustriert die Erkenntnisse des GUESSS Projekts in der Schweiz. Bei der im Frühjahr 2011 durchgeführten Umfrage haben sich über 8'000 Studierende von über 40 Schweizer Universitäten und Fachhochschulen beteiligt.
Wie steht es um die unternehmerischen Absichten und Aktivitäten von Studierenden in der Schweiz? Diese Frage ist von höchster sozialer und wirtschaftlicher Relevanz. Studierende sind die UnternehmerInnen von morgen, und ihre unternehmerischen Absichten und die daraus resultierenden Aktivitäten werden die Gesellschaften formen. Die Schweiz ist daher auf die UnternehmerInnen der Zukunft angewiesen, und es ist von grossem Interesse für verschiedenste Anspruchsgruppen aus Wissenschaft, Politik und Gesellschaft, die unternehmerischen Absichten und Aktivitäten von Studierenden genauer zu untersuchen. Dieser Bericht liefert vertiefte Einsichten basierend auf der GUESSS-Erhebung 2013/2014.
