Publications des institutions partenaires

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On the scope of externalities in experimental markets

We study how the scope of negative externalities from market activity affects the willingness of market actors to exhibit social responsibility. Using the laboratory experimental paradigm introduced by Bartling et al. (Q J Econ 130(1):219–266, 2015), we compare the voluntary internalization of negative social impacts by market actors in cases where the negative externality is...

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English / 01/11/2017

Food-predicting stimuli differentially influence eye movements and goal-directed behavior in normal-weight, overweight, and obese Individuals

Obese individuals have been shown to exhibit abnormal sensitivity to rewards and reward-predicting cues as for example food-associated cues frequently used in advertisements. It has also been shown that food-associated cues can increase goal-directed behavior but it is currently unknown, whether this effect differs between normal-weight, overweight, and obese individuals. Here, we...

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English / 01/11/2017

Brain stimulation over the frontopolar cortex enhances motivation to exert effort for reward

Background: Loss of motivation is a characteristic feature of several psychiatric and neurological disorders. However, the neural mechanisms underlying human motivation are far from being understood. Here, we investigate the role that the frontopolar cortex (FPC) plays in motivating cognitive and physical effort exertion by computing subjective effort equivalents.
Methods: We...

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English / 01/11/2017

The dopaminergic reward system underpins gender differences in social preferences

Women are known to have stronger prosocial preferences than men, but it remains an open question as to how these behavioural differences arise from differences in brain functioning. Here, we provide a neurobiological account for the hypothesized gender difference. In a pharmacological study and an independent neuroimaging study, we tested the hypothesis that the neural reward system...

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English / 01/11/2017

Estimating fixed effects: perfect prediction and bias in binary response panel models, with an application to the hospital readmissions reduction program

The maximum likelihood estimator for the regression coefficients, β, in a panel binary response model with fixed effects can be severely biased if N is large and T is small, a consequence of the incidental parameters problem. This has led to the development of conditional maximum likelihood estimators and, more recently, to estimators that remove the O(T–1) bias in β^. We add to this...

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English / 01/11/2017

„Politisch nicht sehr korrekt“

Der Starökonom aus Zürich über den Vormarsch der Verhaltensökonomie, die wirtschaftlichen Folgen von Unehrlichkeit – und seine Forschung mit Kindern und Hirnscannern.

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Deutsch / 27/10/2017

"Einfach so drauflosexperimentieren geht nicht"

In der Neuroökonomie werden bisweilen auch Gedanken manipuliert. Das weckt Abwehrreflexe. Der Neuroökonom Christian Ruff sieht aber wenig Missbrauchspotenzial.

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Deutsch / 18/10/2017

Schubsen, aber in welche Richtung?

Die Verhaltensforschung zeigt, dass sich Entscheidungen durch die Architektur des Entscheidungsproblems auch ohne Zwang lenken lassen. Doch wohin sollte man die Leute schubsen?

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Deutsch / 11/10/2017

Persistent bias in advice-giving

We show that a one-off incentive to bias advice has persistent effects. In an experiment, advisers were paid a bonus to recommend a lottery which only risk-seeking individuals should choose to a less informed client. Afterwards, they had to choose for themselves and make a second recommendation to another client, without any bonus. These advisers choose the risky lottery and...

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English / 01/10/2017

Ordinal potentials in smooth games

While smooth exact potential games are easily characterized in terms of the cross-derivatives of players' payoff functions, an analogous differentiable characterization of ordinal or generalized ordinal potential games has been elusive for a long time. In this paper, it is shown that the existence of a generalized ordinal potential in a smooth game with multi-dimensional...

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English / 01/10/2017

Growing and slowing down like China

This article is based on the presidential address delivered at the EEA Annual Congress 2016. It discusses China’s institutional and economic transformation through the lens of the model of growth and convergence developed in Acemoglu, Aghion, and Zilibotti (JEEA 2006), which emphasizes the dichotomy between investment- and innovation-led growth. The economic reforms introduced in the...

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English / 01/10/2017

Creating an efficient culture of cooperation

Throughout human history, informal sanctions by peers were ubiquitous and played a key role in the enforcement of social norms and the provision of public goods. However, a considerable body of evidence suggests that informal peer sanctions cause large collateral damage and efficiency costs. This raises the question whether peer sanctioning systems exist that avoid these costs and...

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English / 01/10/2017

Culture, work attitudes, and job search: evidence from the Swiss language border

Unemployment varies across space and in time. Can attitudes toward work explain some of these differences? We study job search durations along the Swiss language border, sharply separating Romance language speakers from German speakers. According to surveys and voting results, the language border separates two social groups with different cultural background and attitudes toward work...

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English / 01/10/2017

Delegating performance evaluation

We study optimal incentive contracts with multiple agents when performance evaluation is delegated to a reviewer. The reviewer may be biased in favor of the agents, but the degree of the bias is unknown to the principal. We show that a contest, which is a contract in which the principal determines a set of prizes to be allocated to the agents, is optimal. By using a contest, the...

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English / 01/10/2017

Trading down and the business cycle

We document two facts. First, during the Great Recession, consumers traded down in the quality of the goods and services they consumed. Second, the production of low-quality goods is less labor intensive than that of high-quality goods. When households traded down, labor demand fell, increasing the severity of the recession. We find that the trading-down phenomenon accounts for a...

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English / 01/10/2017

The Spanish or the German apartment? Study abroad and the acquisition of permanent skills

In Europe, more than 250,0 0 0 university students spend one or two semesters abroad every year. This study explores whether a short time abroad contributes to the acquisition of foreign language proficiency. We use a newly available dataset about almost the totality of Italian graduates and two alternative in- struments to address the endogeneity of studying abroad. Both instruments...

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English / 01/10/2017

"US-Forscher kommen lieber nach Zürich"

Die Uni Zürich ist die forschungsstärkste VWL-Hochschule im deutschsprachigen Raum und peilt nun die Weltspitze an. Direktor Rainer Winkelmann über die Zukunft und die Probleme der Zunft.

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Deutsch / 12/09/2017

"Ökonomen müssen nicht populär sein"

Der Zürcher Starökonom Ernst Fehr über die Kritik an den Wirtschaftswissenschaften und die Lehren aus der jüngsten Finanzkrise.

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Deutsch / 08/09/2017

Contests with small noise and the robustness of the all-pay auction

This paper considers all-pay contests in which the relationship between bids and allocations reflects a small amount of noise. Prior work had focused on one particular equilibrium. However, there may be other equilibria. To address this issue, we introduce a new and intuitive measure for the proximity to the all-pay auction. This allows, in particular, to provide simple conditions...

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English / 01/09/2017

The limits to moral erosion in markets: social norms and the replacement excuse

This paper studies the impact of a key feature of competitive markets on moral behavior: the possibility that a competitor will step in and conclude the deal if a conscientious market actor forgoes a profitable business opportunity for ethical reasons. We study experimentally whether people employ the argument "if I don’t do it, someone else will" to justify taking a...

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English / 01/09/2017

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