Designing and building a Web site aimed to interact with a database can be a demanding task. A way to accelerate this task is to use a declarative language for specifying hypertext views on databases. In this paper, we discuss hypertext concepts for viewing and acting on a database. While viewing a database through a hypertext view enables a user to navigate among interconnected objects, acting on a database consists mainly in finding objects and associating them (either directly or through the execution of a method). Thus, to act on a database from a hypertext view one must be able to link (or unlink) hypertext nodes and to propagate these operations down to the database. We are currently implementing these concepts in the LAZY system.
There are currently no well-established techniques or tools to build adaptive 3D user interfaces. The aim of this research is to overcome identified shortcomings by providing a model and framework for the semantic enrichment of scene graphs for task based adaptation in 3D user interfaces. The semantic enrichment of scenes can play an extremely important role in enabling the viewers to understand and interact with the usually complex and incomprehensible visualized information, in simple, intuitive and user-friendly ways. The goal of our research is to develop a general model and framework supporting the adaptations of 3D user interfaces. The general model and framework relies on the formalization of the vertical correspondence between two layers: the spatial layer (the graphics) and the semantic layer (the concepts).
We present a declarative language for the construction of hypertext views on databases. The language is based on an object-oriented data model and a simple hypertext model with reference and inclusion links. A hypertext view specification consists in a collection of parameterized node schemes which specify how to construct node and link instances from the database contents. We show how this language can express different issues in hypertext view design. These include: the direct mapping of objects to nodes; the construction of complex nodes based on sets of objects; the representation of polymorphic sets of objects; and the representation of tree and graph structures. We have defined sublanguages corresponding to particular database models (relational, semantic, object-oriented) and implemented tools to generate Web views for these database models.
This paper presents a language and a system to construct a hypertextual view (a hyperview) of the content of a database. We first study different approaches to map database objects to hypertext components: tuple level mapping, tuple sets mapping, and associated tuples mapping. Then we present a declarative hyperview definition language which integrates these approaches. With this language one can specify for each node type and each link type how to construct it from the database contents. We also show how the semantic relationship represented in the database schema can be used to design the hypertext structure. A prototype translator has been implemented to generate a Worldwide Web (W3) hyperview of a relational database, the main components of this generation system are presented. We also show how the translation process can overcome some shortcoming of the W3 hypertext model.
The paper develops two synthetic measures at the HS-10 level to depict effective market access for a country receiving preferential access and applies these to the market access ASEAN members would receive following the implementation of an FTA with the EU. First, the measures show that current effective market access for ASEAN EBA members is cut in half by the preferences granted by the EU to countries that compete with these countries in the EU markets. Second, the measures show that about one-quarter of the preferential margin under the proposed FTA for EBA members would be lost as a result of preferential access granted to ASEAN GSP members. Third, disaggregated estimates of the restrictiveness of rules of origin confirm that rules are more restrictive for products with higher preferential margins and that ASEAN countries usually face tougher rules of origin in the EU because of the composition of their exports.
Une ontologie multi-points de vue est une ontologie dans laquelle chaque concept peut avoir plusieurs définitions différentes, chacune d'entre elles représentant un point de vue différent (selon le point de vue un concept peut également être situé à plusieurs emplacements différents dans la hiérarchie). Si beaucoup de travaux ont porté sur l'utilisation d'ontologies dans diverses applications, relativement peu a été écrit sur la construction manuelle d'ontologies et sur leur utilisation comme outil de référence (à la manière d'un dictionnaire) par des utilisateurs humains. Dans cet article, nous étudierons la création d'interfaces hypertextes qui permettent de naviguer dans une ontologie. La navigation est un moyen intéressant pour se familiariser avec un domaine, à la fois pour les utilisateurs finaux et pour les personnes participant à la construction ou à la mise à jour de l'ontologie elle-même. Nous chercherons entre autres à créer de nouveaux types de liens entre les concepts (c'est-à-dire des liens autres que les liens générique/spécifique ou que les rôles de la logique descriptive utilisée pour spécifier l'ontologie), par exemple des liens "calculés". On peut par exemple calculer des distances entre concepts; distances qui seront ensuite utilisées pour créer des liens entre concepts proches.
