Ethics by Design concerns the methods, algorithms and tools needed to endow autonomous agents with the capability to reason about the ethical aspects of their decisions, and the methods, tools and formalisms to guarantee that an agent’s behavior remains within given moral bounds. In this context some questions arise: How and to what extent can agents un-derstand the social reality in which they operate, and the other intelligences (AI, animals and humans) with which they co-exist? What are the ethical concerns in the emerging new forms of society, and how do we ensure the human dimen-sion is upheld in interactions and decisions by autonomous agents?. But overall, the central question is: “Can we, and should we, build ethically-aware agents?”
Since the mid 90’s, the business model concept has gained prominence as a unit of analysis in innovation studies. A growing consensus among scholars reveals that business model innovation is key to firm performance, which has brought scholars researching business model to focus on issues related to business model renewal and innovation in incumbent firms (e.g. Chesbrough, (2007) and (Johnson, Christensen, & Kagermann, 2008). Despite the growing popularity of the term, the study of business model innovation remains difficult due to the ambiguity and diversity of its definitions, components, antecedents, and outcomes. More research is needed to clarify “the mechanisms and processes of business model innovation and change” (George & Bock, 2011: 88). These challenges reveal the need for a better understanding of the meaning and operationalization of this construct (Chesbrough, 2010). This article proposes a conceptualization of business model innovation as a dynamic capability that ultimately enhances a firm's ability to gain and sustain a competitive advantage. The research claims that dynamic capabilities are embedded in organizational processes and catalyze organizational change (see Ambrosini & Bowman (2009)). These capabilities allow the firm to reconfigure and refresh its resources tock and adjust its operations to changing business environments in order to achieve competitive advantage.
Digital tools provide educators with a platform to deliver feedback in a multi-modal manner, which can be particularly useful for qualitative student work. This paper explores how delivering student feedback with a multimodal digital approach through screen casting is a way to enhance formative assessment for learning. The purpose of this work is to briefly survey the literature on feedback for learning and technology as a tool to enhance feedback, to share practice in using screen casting tools for delivering student feedback, and to discuss strategies and implications for faculty developers in promoting these methods of delivering personalized feedback using technology to the faculty they are supporting.
Comment construire le futur de votre marque? Pourquoi et comment les brand vision archetypes vous aident à accomplir cette mission est le sujet de ce livre. Vous y trouverez des guides pratiques, les pièges à éviter, comment conduire des workshops, les listes de contrôle ainsi qu’un jeu complet de brand vision archetypes que vous pourrez copier pour votre propre usage.
No maintenance activity can be performed without understanding at least the part of the program that needs to b emodified. Therefore, considering its cost, helping developers to understand programs is a must. Consequently, our research aims at building a business related model of the program semantics, which is grounded in Perkinsfi research in psychology. After a short reminder of our model, whose performance in helping developers to understand programs has been presented elsewhere, this paper presents the automatic instantiation of the model. This rests on the ontology technology a swell as on an innovative dynamic analysis technique. We present a use case to evaluate the performance of our technique.
Environmental taxes are often underexploited. This paper analyses the effectiveness of a garbage tax, assessing its effects on multiple outcomes as well as its acceptability. We study how a Supreme Court decision, mandating the Swiss Canton of Vaud to implement a tax on garbage, affects garbage production and beliefs about the tax. We adopt a difference-in-differences approach exploiting that parts of Vaud already implemented a garbage tax before the mandate. Pricing garbage by the bag (PGB) is highly effective, reducing unsorted garbage by 40%, increasing recycling of aluminium and organic waste, without causing negative spillovers on adjacent regions. The effects of PGB seem very persistent over time. Our assessment of PGB looks very favourable. It may surprise that PGB is not implemented more often. Hence, we look at people's perceptions. We find that people are very concerned with PGB ex ante. Public opposition seems to be the main obstacle to PGB. However, implementing PGB reduces concerns with effectiveness and fairness substantially. After implementing PGB, people accept 70% higher garbage taxes compared to before PGB. We argue that environmental taxes could be much more diffused, if people had the chance to experience their functioning and correct their beliefs.
