Publications des institutions partenaires
Neurocognitive Effects of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Arithmetic Learning and Performance: A Simultaneous tDCS-fMRI Study
BACKGROUND A small but increasing number of studies suggest that non-invasive brain stimulation by means of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can modulate arithmetic processes that are essential for higher-order mathematical skills and that are impaired in dyscalculic individuals. However, little is known about the neural mechanisms underlying such stimulation effects,…
Institution partenaire
English / 20/07/2016
«Vermögenskonzentration ist konstant geblieben»
Wirtschaftsprofessor David Dorn über die Gründe für die zunehmende Lohnungleichheit in der Schweiz
Institution partenaire
Deutsch / 14/07/2016
Time, not size, matters for striatal reward predictions to dopamine
Midbrain dopamine neurons encode reward prediction errors. In this issue of Neuron, Takahashi et al. (2016) show that the ventral striatum provides dopamine neurons with prediction information specific to the timing, but not the quantity, of reward, suggesting a surprisingly nuanced neural implementation of reward prediction errors.
Institution partenaire
English / 06/07/2016
Dopamine D2/3- and μ-opioid receptor antagonists reduce cue-induced responding and reward impulsivity in humans
Increased responding to drug-associated stimuli (cue reactivity) and an inability to tolerate delayed gratification (reward impulsivity) have been implicated in the development and maintenance of drug addiction. Whereas data from animal studies suggest that both the dopamine and opioid system are involved in these two reward-related processes, their role in humans is less clear.…
Institution partenaire
English / 05/07/2016
Re-insurance in the Swiss health insurance market
Risk equalization mechanisms mitigate insurers’ incentives to practice risk selection. On the other hand, incentives to limit healthcare spending can be distorted by risk equalization, particularly when risk equalization payments depend on realized costs instead of expected costs. In addition, cost based risk equalization mechanisms may incentivize health insurers to distort the…
Institution partenaire
English / 01/07/2016
Deficits in context-dependent adaptive coding of reward in schizophrenia
Theoretical principles of information processing and empirical findings suggest that to efficiently represent all possible rewards in the natural environment, reward-sensitive neurons have to adapt their coding range dynamically to the current reward context. Adaptation ensures that the reward system is most sensitive for the most likely rewards, enabling the system to efficiently…
Institution partenaire
English / 15/06/2016
Indexfonds und Monopolbildung
Die von den grössten amerikanischen Indexfonds gesammelten Mittel sind enorm, ihr Einfluss dementsprechend. Es entsteht die Befürchtung, dass der Wettbewerb in manchen Sektoren darunter leidet.
Institution partenaire
Deutsch / 04/06/2016
Agricultural productivity and structural transformation : evidence from Brazil
We study the effects of the adoption of new agricultural technologies on structural transformation. To guide empirical work, we present a simple model where the effect of agricultural productivity on industrial development depends on the factor bias of technical change. We test the predictions of the model by studying the introduction of genetically engineered soybean seeds in Brazil…
Institution partenaire
English / 01/06/2016
Doubt in the insula: risk processing in obsessive-compulsive disorder
Extensive cleaning or checking of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are often interpreted as strategies to avoid harm and as an expression of the widespread belief that OCD patients are more risk-averse. However, despite its clinical significance, the neural basis of risk attitude in OCD is unknown. Here, we investigated neural activity during risk processing using…
Institution partenaire
English / 01/06/2016
Learning what to see in a changing world
Visual perception is strongly shaped by expectations, but it is poorly understood how such perceptual expectations are learned in our dynamic sensory environment. Here, we applied a Bayesian framework to investigate whether perceptual expectations are continuously updated from different aspects of ongoing experience. In two experiments, human observers performed an associative…
Institution partenaire
English / 31/05/2016
«Zwei Millionen US-Arbeitsplätze sind abgebaut worden» : Wahlkampf und Wirtschaft in den USA
Billige Importe aus China haben in den USA zu einem gewaltigen Verlust an Jobs in der Industrie geführt, sagt der Zürcher Ökonom David Dorn. Die Betroffenen wählten häufig weit rechts oder weit links.
Institution partenaire
Deutsch / 22/05/2016
INTERVIEW Was Menschen für Geld tun «Die Arbeit geht uns nicht aus»
Der technische Fortschritt vernichtet Arbeitsplätze und schafft neue. Über die Entwicklung der Arbeitswelt sprachen Roger Nickl und Thomas Gull mit der Historikerin Brigitta Bernet und dem Ökonomen David Dorn.
Institution partenaire
Deutsch / 09/05/2016
"Die Arbeit geht uns nicht aus"
Der technische Fortschritt vernichtet Arbeitsplätze und schafft neue. Über die Entwicklung der Arbeitswelt sprachen Roger Nickl und Thomas Gull mit der Historikerin Brigitta Bernet und dem Ökonomen David Dorn.
Institution partenaire
Deutsch / 09/05/2016
An externality-robust auction: Theory and experimental evidence
Behavioral robustness is essential in mechanism design. Existing papers focus on robustness as captured by dominant strategies. This paper studies the novel concept of externality-robustness, which addresses players' motives to affect other players' monetary payoffs. One example is externalities due to spite, which has been used to explain overbidding in second-price…
Institution partenaire
English / 01/05/2016
Ventral striatal hypoactivation is associated with apathy but not diminished expression in patients with schizophrenia
BACKGROUND: Negative symptoms of schizophrenia can be grouped in 2 dimensions: apathy and diminished expression. Increasing evidence suggests that negative symptoms are associated with altered neural activity of subcortical and cortical regions in the brain reward system. However, the neurobiological basis of the distinct symptom dimensions within negative symptoms is still poorly…
Institution partenaire
English / 01/05/2016
Inequality in mortality decreased among the young while increasing for older adults, 1990–2010
Many recent studies point to increasing inequality in mortality in the United States over the past 20 years. These studies often use mortality rates in middle and old age. We used poverty level rankings of groups of U.S. counties as a basis for analyzing inequality in mortality for all age groups in 1990, 2000, and 2010. Consistent with previous studies, we found increasing…
Institution partenaire
English / 01/05/2016
Ungleichheit und Wachstum
Zunehmende Ungleichheit gefährdet künftiges Wachstum, weil sie den gesellschaftlichen Zusammenhalt schwächt und Unterstützung für schädliche politische Strömungen schafft.
Institution partenaire
Deutsch / 27/04/2016
Ventral pallidum encodes contextual information and controls aversive behaviors
Successful avoidance of aversive outcomes is crucial for the survival of animals. Although accumulating evidence indicates that an indirect pathway in the basal ganglia is involved in aversive behavior, the ventral pallidum (VP), which is an important component of this pathway, has so far been implicated primarily in appetitive behavior. In this study, we used single-cell recordings…
Institution partenaire
English / 24/04/2016
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