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David & Goliath: how young competition agencies can succeed in fighting cross-border cartels

How can small and young agencies cope and target cross border cartels? This paper explores the related challenges and puts forward a pragmatic tool to break down international cooperation barriers. Given the efforts of the ICN in seeking ways and means to operationalise cross-border cooperation in investigation of cases as well as those of selected UNCTAD member States in trying to…

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/ 21/02/2017

Income tax in the WTO: substantive reach and rivaling proceedings

This paper considers the intersection of income tax and WTO rules. It defends an interpretation of the non-discrimination obligations in line with customary rules of interpretation as stipulated by the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties. It, thus, departs from the historic assumption that income taxes are not or only to a very limited extent covered by the GATT. Subsequently,…

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/ 21/02/2017

Legal forms of negotiated trade in services agreement (TISA) outcomes: perspectives on trade integration and an incrementalist approach to quasi-multilateralizationa

The summer 2016 saw some of the key emerging economies change their position on services negotiations at the WTO, which may prove instrumental in bringing services back to the WTO, via The Trade in services Agreement (TiSA). While TiSA parties have discussed critical mass based multilateralization for a while, another approach may prove to be more viable - "incrementalism" and "quasi…

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/ 21/02/2017

When global tax reform meets international trade rules: an inquiry into the intersection of the GATS and the BEPS package

This article explores the intersections between the global tax reform launched by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the Group of 20 (G20) to tackle base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS) on the one hand, and international rules on trade in services, mostly – the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) under the World Trade Organization (WTO…

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/ 21/02/2017

Human Barriers to Trade

This paper investigates the impact of human barriers to international trade using ancestral distance as a measure of the relatedness between populations. In a new data set covering the universe of global trade, our findings document that country pairs with a high ancestral distance are less likely to trade with each other (extensive margin) and if they do trade, ancestral distance…

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English / 06/01/2017

Russia’s New Concept of the State Migration Policy until 2025: A Reform towards Effective Policies for International Economic Migrants?

Russia’s new Concept of the State Migration Policy until 2025 (the CSMP) was approved on 13 June 2012. As the first comprehensive, nationwide document on migration policy in the modern history of Russia, it marks the beginning of a decisive reform of the country’s migration policy by departing from the existing focus on temporary foreign workers. The emphasis of the CSMP is on…

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English / 01/01/2017

Uncovering Vote Trading Through Networks and Computation

We develop a new methodological framework for the empirical study of legislative vote trading. Building on the concept of reciprocity in directed weighted networks, our method facilitates the measurement of vote trading on a large scale, while estimating the micro-structure of trades between individual legislators. In principle, it can be applied to a broad variety of voting data and…

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English / 01/01/2017

The Folk Theorem of decreasing effectiveness of monetary policy: what do the data say?

It is increasingly claimed that unconventional monetary policies are subject to decreasing effectiveness in supporting growth and raising the inflation rate. There are good reasons to believe that the effects of further asset purchases by central banks and of moving the interest rate deeper in negative territory progressively decline. But has it been happening? This paper attempts to…

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/ 22/12/2016

The WTO after TPP. How Worried Should Asian Governments Be

This paper critically evaluates the contention that the implementation of the Trans-Pacific Partnership would adversely affect the centrality of the World Trade Organization. Not only are many Asian nations members of the WTO, but some undertook major reforms to join. Contrary to much existing literature, it is argued here that governments in the Asia-Pacific region should not be…

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/ 01/11/2016

Direct Democracy, Postal Voting, and the Composition of Turnout

Existing work on the effects of electoral reforms suggests that decreasing the costs of voting may exacerbate rather than reduce representational biases in turnout. We argue that some electoral institutions may have more uniform mobilization effects than previously thought and exploit the sequential introduction of postal voting in Switzerland to analyze how an exogenous decrease in…

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English / 01/10/2016

The elusive costs of sovereign defaults

Few would dispute that sovereign defaults entail significant economic costs, including, most notably, important output losses. However, most of the evidence supporting this conventional wisdom, based on annual observations, suffers from serious measurement and identification problems. To address these drawbacks, we examine the impact of default on growth by looking at quarterly data…

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/ 12/09/2016

Capital account liberalization, financial development and industry growth: a synthetic view

This paper synthesizes previous studies analyzing the effects of capital account liberalization on industry growth while controlling for financial crises, domestic financial development and the strength of institutions. We find reasonably strong evidence that financial openness has positive effects on the growth of financially-dependent industries, although these growth-enhancing…

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/ 09/09/2016

Gauging Procurement Policy Change During the Crisis-Era: Evidence from the Global Trade Alert.

This paper summarises the principal findings of the data collection efforts by the independent Global Trade Alert team on public procurement policy changes undertaken since November 2008. A particular focus is on policy changes that alter the relative treatment of domestic firms vis-à-vis foreign rivals. The ultimate goal of this paper is to inform other, ongoing data collection…

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English / 01/09/2016

Firm response to competitive shocks: evidence from Chinas minimum wage policy

The large regional variation of minimum wage changes in 2002—08 implies that Chinese manufacturing firms experienced competitive shocks as a function of firm location and their low-wage employment share. We find that minimum wage hikes accelerate the input substitution from labor to capital in low-wage firms, reduce employment growth, but also accelerate total factor productivity…

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/ 24/08/2016

Saving China's stock market

What were the economic benefits and costs of preventing a stock market meltdown during the summer of 2015 by the Chinese government intervention? We answer this question by estimating the value creation for the stocks purchased by the government between the period starting with the market crash in mid-June and the market recovery in September. We find that the government intervention…

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/ 24/08/2016

The IMF’s role in Greece in the context of the 2010 stand-by arrangement

In April 2010, Greece became the first euro area country to request financial support from the IMF. The IMF joined the European Commission (EC) and the European Central Bank (ECB)—thus constituting what informally came to be known as the troika—in providing emergency financing, with the Fund’s contribution taking the form of a €30 billion three-year Stand-By Arrangement (SBA)…

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/ 23/08/2016

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