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Attention economies

A new theoretical model is developed which describes the structure of competition for attention and characterizes equilibria. The exogenous fundamentals of an attention economy are the space of receiving subjects with their attention capacity, and the potential set of competing firms (senders) with their radiation technology. The endogenous variables explained by the theory are...

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English / 01/03/2007

Saddlepoint approximations for the doubly noncentral t distribution

Closed-form approximations for the density and cumulative distribution function of the doubly noncentral t distribution are developed based on saddlepoint methods. They exhibit remarkable accuracy throughout the entire support of the distribution and are vastly superior to existing approximations. An application in finance is considered which capitalizes on the enormous increase in...

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English / 01/03/2007

Democratic public good provision

This paper analyzes an overlapping generation model of redistribution and public good provision under repeated voting. Expenditures are financed through age-dependent taxation that distorts human capital investment. Taxes redistribute income both across skill groups and across generations. We focus on politico-economic Markov equilibria and contrast these with the Ramsey allocation...

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English / 01/03/2007

Does risk equalization reduce the viability of voluntary deductibles?

Theoretically, a risk avers consumer takes a deductible if the premium rebate (far) exceeds his/her expected out-of-pocket expenditures. In the absence of risk equalization, insurers are able to offer high rebates because those who select into a deductible plan have below-average expenses. This paper shows that, for high deductibles, such rebates cannot be offered if risk...

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English / 01/03/2007

Manipulation in money markets

Interest rate derivatives are among the most actively traded financial instruments in the main currency areas. With values of positions reacting immediately to the underlying index of daily interbank rates, manipulation has become an increasing challenge for the operational implementation of monetary policy. To address this issue, we study a microstructure model in which a commercial...

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English / 01/03/2007

Should National Happiness Be Maximized ?

Cross-disciplinary ‘happiness research’ has made big progress in the measurementnof individual welfare. This development makes it tempting to pursue the old dream ofnmaximizing aggregate happiness as a social welfare function. However, we postulate that thenappropriate approach is not to maximize aggregate happiness in seeking to improve outcomesnby direct policy interventions. The...

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English / 01/03/2007

The Home Bias and Capital Income Flows between Countries and Regions

This paper documents a marked increase in international consumption risk sharing throughout the recent globalization period. Unlike earlier studies that have found it difficult to document a consistent effect of financial globalization on international consumption comovements, we make use of the information implicit in the relative levels of consumption and output to measure long-run...

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English / 01/03/2007

Count Data Models with Unobserved Heterogeneity: An Empirical Likelihood Approach

As previously argued, the correlation between included and omitted regressors generally causes inconsistency of standard estimators for count data models. Using a specific residual function and suitable instruments, a consistent generalized method of moments estimator can be obtained under conditional moment restrictions. This approach is extended here by fully exploiting the model...

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English / 01/03/2007

Time Horizon, Costs of Equity Capital and Generic Investment Strategies of Firms

Recent literature (McNulty, Yeh, Schulze, & Lubatkin, 2002) states that the assumptions behind the capital asset pricing model, in particular the irrelevance of time horizon, do not correspond to the characteristics of firms that prefer long-term investment horizons. I show that family firms display a longer time horizon than most of their nonfamily counterparts, since (1) family...

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English / 01/03/2007

Analyzing economic market interactions as conflicts: new concepts to assess market-based policy instruments

Complementing market-based policy instruments with conflict analysis approaches provides a wider understanding of market situations and allows to identify minimal requirements regarding needs, power and conflict dynamics. If these are not met, a market cannot be successfully introduced or a liberalization process implemented. Conflict analysis offers a language better suited to the...

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English / 15/02/2007

Searching, processing, codifying and practicing - Key learning activities in exploratory initiatives

Why do so many exploratory initiatives fail? This article suggests the reason may be managers' tendency to under-invest in four key learning activities - searching, processing, codifying and practicing. Based on a study of forty-one exploratory initiatives in three insurance firms, this article explains why each of these four activities is important and why, despite their...

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English / 15/02/2007

Calculating tragedy: Assessing the costs of terrorism

The trends and consequences of terrorist activities are often captured by counting the number of incidents and casualties. More recently, the effects of terrorist acts on various aspects of the economy have been analyzed. These costs are surveyed and put in perspective. As economic consequences are only a part of the overall costs of terrorism, possible approaches for estimating the...

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English / 01/02/2007

The involvement of primary motor cortex in mental rotation revealed by transcranial magnetic stimulation

We used single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation of the left primary hand motor cortex and motor evoked potentials of the contralateral right abductor pollicis brevis to probe motor cortex excitability during a standard mental rotation task. Based on previous findings we tested the following hypotheses. (i) Is the hand motor cortex activated more strongly during mental rotation...

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English / 01/02/2007

Trend derivatives: pricing, hedging, and application to executive stock options

Both institutional and private investors often have only limited flexibility in timing their investment decision. They look for investments that will ideally be independent of the timing decision. In this article, a new class of derivative products whose payoff is linked to the trend of the underlying instrument is introduced. By linking the trend to the payoff, the timing of the...

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English / 01/02/2007

To React or Not? Fiscal Policy, Volatility and Welfare in the EU-3

This paper develops a dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model to examine the quantitative macroeconomic implications of counter-ncyclical fiscal policy for France, Germany and the UK. The model incorporates real wage rigidity which is the particular market failurenjustifying policy intervention. We subject the model to productivity shocks and use either government consumption or...

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English / 01/02/2007

The evolution of cheating in asymmetric contests

"Consider a society where all agents initially play ""fair"" and one agent invents a ""cheating"" strategy such as doping in sports. Whichnfactors determine the success of the new cheating strategy? In order to study this question we consider an evolutionary game with local information. Three factors determine the imitation dynamics of...

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English / 01/02/2007

Risk and Rationality: The Effect of Incidental Mood on Probability Weighting

When valuing risky prospects, people tend to overweight small probabilities and to underweight large probabilities. Nonlinear probability weighting has proven to be a robust empirical phenomenon and has been integrated in decision models, such as cumulative prospect theory. Based on a laboratory experiment with real monetary incentives, we show that incidental emotional states, such...

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English / 01/02/2007

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