We analyze the factors that drive an individual’s self-selection decision between (1) working individually and being paid for individual performance and (2) working on a team and being paid for team performance. While the literature has focused on task specific ability as a self-selection criterion, we also investigate the effects of teamwork skills, expectations concerning the task specific ability and teamwork skills of potential teammates, and task type. Thus we account for multidimensional sorting. Considering these additional factors might explain the empirical puzzle that some studies have found a positive relation between an individual’s task specific skills and the propensity to join a team, and others found a negative relation. Confronting our predictions with data from a real-effort pen-and-paper experiment, we find that the less able are attracted by teamwork and team incentives but that teamwork skills and expectations concerning the ability of potential teammates might in fact compensate for this adverse self-selection effect. Regarding task type we find that teamwork is more attractive, if the task offers a high potential for complementarities between team members.
Even though betting exchanges are considered to be the superior business model in the betting industry due to less operational risk and lower information costs, bookmakers continue to be successful.We explain the puzzling coexistence of these two market structures with the advantage of guaranteed liquidity in the bookmaker market. Using matched panel data of over 1.8 million bookmaker and bettingexchange odds for 17,410 soccer matches played worldwide, we find that the bookmaker offers higherodds and bettor returns than the betting exchange when liquidity at the betting exchange is low.
This article develops a game-theoretical model to analyze the effect of subsidies on player salaries, competitive balance, club profits, and welfare. Within this model, fan demand depends on win percentage, competitive balance, and aggregate talent. The results show that if a large market club receives a subsidy and fans have a relatively strong preference for aggregate talent, compared to competitive balance and own team winning percentage, club rofits and welfare increase for both clubs. If the small-market club is subsidized, a small subsidy increases competitive balance and player salaries of both clubs.
Entrepreneurial behavior occurs at the nexus of the enterprising individual and the entrepreneurial opportunity, with heterogeneity existing on both the individual and opportunity sides. Fully understanding entrepreneurial behavior requires the researcher to investigate its complexities in different organizational settings and across heterogeneous contexts. However, while research continues to improve the general understanding of the exploitation of entrepreneurial opportunities, and therefore of entrepreneurial behavior itself, questions nonetheless remain over several aspects including the opportunity exploitation process, the characteristics and perceptions of the enterprising individual involved, the context in which entrepreneurial behavior is manifested, and the results achieved.
This research program therefore examines how, and with what effects, entrepreneurial opportunities are exploited, and by whom. More specifically, because the nature of entrepreneurial opportunities varies on several dimensions and that variance influences the value the enterprising individual expects to receive, it follows that entrepreneurial behavior manifests itself in various forms. Accordingly, this habilitation examines entrepreneurial behavior within different organizational settings: (1) the creation of a new organization, (2) the engagement in trust-based interorganizational cooperation, (3) the pursuit of management innovation, and, finally, (4) the exploitation of opportunities in academia.
In sum, the cumulative habilitation aims to recognize and explore how and with what effects entrepreneurs with various characteristics exploit opportunities within different organizational settings and in heterogeneous contexts. Specifically, the research program centers on the nexus of the enterprising individual and the entrepreneurial opportunity. In doing so, it particularly focuses on refining the understanding of the heterogeneity of entrepreneurial behavior in the creation of a new organization and within existing organizations. By adopting a diverse range of theoretical and methodological perspectives, it taps the potential of an interdisciplinary and multi-method approach. The results contribute to a more nuanced understanding of the exploitation of entrepreneurial opportunities in different contexts.
