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Communication and efficiency in competitive coordination games

Costless pre-play communication has been found to effectively facilitate coordination and enhance efficiency in games with Pareto-ranked equilibria. We report an experiment in which two groups compete in a weakest-link contest by expending costly efforts. Allowing intra-group communication leads to more aggressive competition and greater coordination than control treatments without...

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English / 01/02/2012

Modelling zero-inflated count data when exposure varies: with an application to sick leave

This paper is concerned with the analysis of zero-inflated count data when time of exposure varies. It proposes a new zero-inflated count data model that is based on two homogeneous Poisson processes and accounts for exposure time in a theory consistent way. The new model is used in an application to the effect of insurance generosity on the number of absent days.

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English / 01/02/2012

Processing of unattended facial emotions: A visual mismatch negativity study

Facial emotions express our internal states and are fundamental in social interactions. Here we explore whether the repetition of unattended facial emotions builds up a predictive representation of frequently encountered emotions in the visual system. Participants (n = 24) were presented peripherally with facial stimuli expressing emotions while they performed a visual detection task...

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English / 01/02/2012

Recessions and small business access to credit: Lessons for Europe from interstate banking deregulation in the US

Few would deny that there is a strong link between the health of a country’s banks and its public finances. With that in mind, this column argues that the banking system can learn from banking deregulation in the US, with knock on effects for Europe’s sovereign debt crisis.

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English / 01/02/2012

Brain drain, fiscal competition, and public education expenditure

A two-country model is developed in this paper to examine the implications of fiscal competition in public education expenditure under international mobility of high-skilled labor. The authors allow for educational choice, asymmetry of countries with respect to total factor productivity, and tax base effects of migration in source and host country. As the latter may give rise to...

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English / 01/02/2012

The environment and directed technical change

This paper introduces endogenous and directed technical change in a growth model with environmental constraints. The final good is produced from "dirty" and "clean" inputs. We show that: (i) when inputs are sufficiently substitutable, sustainable growth can be achieved with temporary taxes/subsidies that redirect innovation toward clean inputs; (ii) optimal policy...

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English / 01/02/2012

A gold rush theory of economic development

I present a stylized theory of regional development in which regional ‘first nature’
characteristics do not map uniquely into regional outcomes. The ‘second nature’ force
is social learning about fixed but unknown regional characteristics which can bring
about self-reinforcing regional development. The key difference from other agglomeration
economies is that...

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English / 01/02/2012

Cortical responses to changes in acoustic regularity are differentially modulated by attentional load

This study investigates how acoustic change-events are represented in a listener's brain when attention is strongly focused elsewhere. Using magneto-encephalography (MEG) we examine whether cortical responses to different kinds of changes in stimulus statistics are similarly influenced by attentional load, and whether the processing of such acoustic changes in auditory cortex...

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English / 16/01/2012

BOLD responses in reward regions to hypothetical and imaginary monetary rewards

Monetary rewards are uniquely human. Because money is easy to quantify and present visually, it is the reward of choice for most fMRI studies, even though it cannot be handed over to participants inside the scanner. A typical fMRI study requires hundreds of trials and thus small amounts of monetary rewards per trial (e.g. 5p) if all trials are to be treated equally. However, small...

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English / 16/01/2012

Endogenous social comparisons and the internal organization of firms

Should workers of a firm be organizationally integrated to realize benefits from benchmarking? Or should they be separated to preclude horizontal social comparisons? This paper highlights a trade-off that arises if social comparisons in firms are endogenous. We analyze a principal multi-agent model in which the principal trades off the reduction of agents' risk exposures by use...

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English / 12/01/2012

Private business firms, human rights, and global governance issues: An organizational implementation perspective

We analyse the increasing engagement of business in the creation and application of self-regulatory standards in the area of human rights in the light of an emerging framework of transnational human rights initiatives. The voluntariness of most of these approaches leads to problems that are characteristic of organizational self-regulation initiatives. Our analysis will show that...

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English / 01/01/2012

Why does myopia decrease the willingness to invest? Is it myopic loss aversion or myopic loss probability aversion?

For loss averse investors, a sequence of risky investments looks less attractive if it is evaluated myopically—an effect called myopic loss aversion (MLA). The consequences of this effect have been confirmed in several experiments and its robustness is largely undisputed. The effect’s causes, however, have not been thoroughly examined with regard to one important aspect. Due to the...

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English / 01/01/2012

Measuring the time stability of prospect theory preferences

Prospect Theory is widely regarded as the most promising descriptive model for decision mak-ing under uncertainty. Various tests have corroborated the validity of the characteristic fourfold pattern of risk attitudes implied by the combination of probability weighting and value transformation. But is it also safe to assume stable Prospect Theory preferences at the individual level?...

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English / 01/01/2012

Regulating collateral-Requirements when markets are incomplete

In this paper we examine the effects of default and scarcity of collateralizable durable goods on risk-sharing. We assume that there is a large set of assets which all
promise a risk-less payo but which distinguish themselves by the collateral requirement. In equilibrium agents default and the assets have dierent payoffs. Assets with very low collateral requirements can be...

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English / 01/01/2012

SIAM Journal on Optimization

The SIAM Journal on Optimization contains research articles on the theory and practice of optimization. The areas addressed include linear and quadratic programming, convex programming, nonlinear programming, complementarity problems, stochastic optimization, combinatorial optimization, integer programming, and convex, nonsmooth and variational analysis. Contributions may emphasize...

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English / 01/01/2012

Journal of Convex Analysis

The concern of this international mathematical journal is to disseminate theoretical knowledge in the field of Convex Analysis and, at the same time, cultivate and extend its applications. In this sense it publishes research articles touching the areas of Calculus of Variations, Control Theory, Measure Theory, Functional Analysis, Differential Equations, Integral Equations,...

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English / 01/01/2012

The effect of proactive adaptation on green investment

Climate change is one of the greatest challenges facing our planet in the foreseeable future anddespite the urgency of the situation global GHG emissions are still increasing. In this context,and since future climate changes appear now unavoidable to some extent, adaptation measureshave recently gained a new political momentum as an important component of climate policies.Contrary to...

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English / 01/01/2012

Measuring economic uncertainty and its impact on the stock market

This paper proposes a novel measure of economic uncertainty based on the frequency of internet searches. The theoretical motivation is offered by findings in economic psychology that agents respond to increased uncertainty by intensifying their information search. The main advantages of using internet searches are broad reach, timeliness and the fact that they reflect actions, rather...

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English / 01/01/2012

International price and earnings momentum

We find that price and earnings momentum are pervasive features of international equity markets even when controlling for data snooping biases. For European countries, we find that price momentum is subsumed by earnings momentum on an aggregate level. However, this rationale does not apply to each and every country. While the above explanation is confined to certain time periods in...

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English / 01/01/2012

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