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An Incumbent Country View on Eastern Enlargement of the EU. Part I: A General Treatment

An eastern enlargement of the EU, from an incumbent country point of view, involves a fiscal burden from extending Union agricultural and cohesion policies to new members, coupled with potential gains as well as adjustment problems deriving from an extended customs union and a larger single market. Enlargement is controversial, because the net effect is unclear, a priori, and will...

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English / 25/12/2000

Die Zeit als Bewertungsfaktor bei der Kostenwahrheit im Luftverkehr

Spricht man von Kostenwahrheit im Verkehr, so müssen nicht nur die resultierenden Aufwendungen, sondern auch die gewonnen Erträge pro Verkehrsträger ermittelt und saldiert werden, um eine faire Beurteilung zu gewährleisten. Im Strassenverkehr hat die Zeit als Bewertungsfaktor bei der Kostenwahrheit durch die immer häufigeren Staus bereits breite Anerkennung gefunden. Im Luftverkehr...

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Deutsch / 12/12/2000

Random Dynamical Systems in Economics

This paper surveys recent advances in the application of random dynamical systems theory in economics. It illustrates the usefulness of this framework for modeling and analysis of economic phenomena with stochastic components, mainly focusing on stochastic dynamic models in economic growth. The paper also highlights some directions for further applications and interdisciplinary...

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English / 01/12/2000

Deficit Spending in the Nazi Recovery, 1933-1938: A Critical Reassessment

This paper examines the effects of deficits spending on the Nazi recovery. Although deficits were substantial and full employment was reached within four years, their fiscal impulse was too small to account for the speed of recovery. VAR forecasts of output using fiscal and monetary policy instruments also suggest only a minor role for active policy. Nazi policies deliberately...

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English / 01/12/2000

Political Economists are Neither Selfish nor Indoctrinated

Most professional economists believe that economist in general are more selfish than other persons and that this greater selfishness is due to economic education. In this paper we offer empirical evidence against this widely held belief. Using a unique data set about giving behaviour to two social funds at the University of Zurich, it is shown that economic training does not make...

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English / 01/12/2000

Term Structure Models in Multistage Stochastic Programming: Estimation and Approximation

This paper investigates some common interest rate models for scenario generation in financial applications of stochastic optimization. We discuss conditions for the underlying distributions of state variables which preserve convexity of value functions in a multistage stochastic program. One- and multi-factor term structure models are estimated based on historical data for the Swiss...

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English / 01/12/2000

Prerequisites for Private Restraints on Market Access and International Cartels

With the decline of government-imposed trade barriers policymakers have given greater attention to the international distortions created by the practices of private firms, including cartels. We critically evaluate the techniques used in the economic literature to estimate the effects of these private practices, finding them wanting on several grounds. In contrast, many of the...

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English / 01/12/2000

Random Fixed Points in a Stochastic Solow Growth Model

This paper presents a complete analysis of a stochastic version of the Solow growth model in which all parameters are ergodic random variables. Applying random dynamical systems theory, we prove that the dynamics and, in particular, the long-runnbehavior is uniquely determined by a globally attracting stable random fixed point. We also discuss the relation of our approach to that of...

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English / 01/11/2000

Financial Markets and Stochastic Growth

In this paper, we study the effect of financial markets on the investment of a two-good two-country economy with stochastic production in a dynamic framework. Each country produces and invests only one good and, therefore, makes decisions as a central planner in an optimal growth model. Trade between consumers of both countries, however, takes place on competitive (spot or financial...

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English / 01/11/2000

Nobelpreis für die empirische Wirtschaftsforschung

Im Oktober 2000 verlieh die Königlich Schwedische Akademie der Wissenschaften den insgesamt mit ca. 2 Millionen Euro dotierten Nobelpreis für Wirtschaftswissenschaften zu gleichen Teilen an die beiden US-Amerikaner James J. Heckman und Daniel L. McFadden. Das Papier erklärt die Bedeutung ihrer wissenschaftlichen Leistungen im Bereich der Mikroökonometrie. Download Volltext: (pdf, 22...

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Deutsch / 01/11/2000

Did we Overestimate the Value of Health?

Adam Smith's idea that wage differences reveal preferences for risk rests on firm theoretical foundations. This paper argues, however, that the standard approach to identify these differentials in practice may be flawed. Empirical practice usually identifies compensating wage differentials for risk by regressing individual wages on aggregate measures of risk, usually industry or...

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English / 01/10/2000

The WTO Dispute Settlement System: A First Assessment from an Economic Perspective

We explore the incentives countries face in trade litigation within the new WTO Dispute Settlement System. Our analysis yields a number of interesting predictions. First, because sanctions are ruled out during the litigation process, the Dispute Settlement System does not preclude all new trade restrictions. However, the agenda-setting capacity of the complainant, including its right...

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English / 01/10/2000

Declining costs of communication and transportation: what are the effects on agglomerations?

We consider a two-stage model of locational choice. Firms decide in which of three locations (or countries) to build plants; they then compete in all three markets. Knowledge spillovers reduce marginal costs in agglomerations; through intra-firm spillovers these cost reductions can be exported to other locations. We show that improvements in the exchange of information within firms...

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English / 25/09/2000

Efficient Contracting and Fair Play in a Simple Principal-Agent Experiment

We study behavior within a simple principal--agent experiment. Our design allows for a large class of linear contracts. Principals can offer any feasible combination of (negative) fixed wages and incentives in the form of return sharing. This great contractual flexibility allows us to study incentive compatibility simultaneously with issues of `fair sharing' and reciprocity,...

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English / 01/09/2000

Appropriating the Commons - A Theoretical Explanation

In this paper we show that a simple model of reciprocal preferences explains major experimental regularities of common pool resource (CPR) experiments. The evidence indicates that in standard CPR games without communication and without sanctioning possibilities inefficient excess appropriation is the rule. However, when communication or informal sanctions are available appropriation...

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English / 01/09/2000

Europe's Eminent Economists: A Quantitative Analysis

This paper considers the European countries' output of eminent economists, i.e. the 160 most often cited academics in the period 1993-96. The influence of the size of the population and GNP is analyzed, and a ranking of the top-20 scholars is provided. The United Kingdom outperforms: it is leading with respect to the absolute number, per capita, and GNP per capita. More...

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English / 01/09/2000

Why Economists Disregard Economic Methodology

"This paper advances two propositions, one concerning content, the other concerning research strategy.n(1) The advent of wide-spread internet publishing reduces the stifling impact of the refereeing process on the papers accepted and submitted to journals. Economics scholars are less bound to devoting a large part of their time and effort on formalisms. They have more leeway to...

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English / 01/09/2000

Testing Theories of Fairness - Intentions Matter

Recently developed models of fairness can explain a wide variety of seemingly contradictory facts. The most controversial and yet unresolved issue in the modeling of fairness preferences concerns the behavioral relevance of fairness intentions. In this paper we provide clear and unambiguous experimental evidence for the behavioral relevance of fairness intentions. Our results...

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English / 01/09/2000

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