ISO (International Organization for Standardization) ist die internationale Vereinigung von Normungsorganisationen mit 163 Mitgliedern mit Sitz in Genf. Die Schweiz wird durch die Schweizerische Normenvereinigung (SNV) vertreten. Seit ihrer Gründung 1947 erliess die ISO bis heute 19 023 gültige normative Dokumente. 2011 wurde die technische Kommission 260 gegründet. Sie bezweckt, Standards für das Human Resource Management (HRM) zu erarbeiten. Wie ist diese Initiative aus betriebswirtschaftlicher Sicht zu beurteilen?
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to determine the fundamental factors influencing the equity share in build-operate-transfer (BOT) investments in relation to the project risk profile.Design/methodology/approach – The relationships between risk factors and equity participation into the capital structure of a BOT contract are examined using regression analysis of a dataset of toll road projects.Findings – Results suggest that the inflation rate, the size of the investment, the construction period, the solidity of the vehicle company, and the organizational structure of the project are significant variables of the equity portion of financing.Practical implications – The analysis may support project promoters by providing better understanding of the factors that might facilitate high debt leverages and by providing lending institutions with valuable information to integrate the method of determining the appropriate debt resources to be injected into a BOT project.Originality/value – The paper contributes towards growing the body of knowledge regarding the way public-private partnership initiatives are carried over and helps refine the capital structures of BOT projects.
What produces trusting behaviour amongst managers? And how does trusting behaviour influence the exercise of organizational control? This paper attempts to answer these two questions in the context of China, Russia and Vietnam. With the reference to the construct of trust in employment relationships as developed by Tzafrir and Dolan, three dimensions of trust are examined empirically by means of survey data collected from managers in banking sector of respective countries. Statistical analyses reveal that the trust variables do not load equally well on the subscales of trust across the three countries. As a consequence, we propose a composite construct to characterise managers’ trusting behaviour. Based on control theory, four control modes are determined and their relationships with trust are investigated. Results indicate significant differences in terms of trust-control nexus between the three countries. We conclude by emphasizing the need for further research on culture-bound trusting behaviour, particularly in emerging societies.
Most articles on sports economics presume the well-known Nash equilibrium concept. In this article, however, we apply evolutionary game theory in a sports-contest model. If clubs follow evolutionarily stable strategies (ESS), then ESS generate greater investments and smaller profits than predicted by Nash’s strategies, independent of whether a club is win-maximizing or profit-maximizing. Overdissipation of the rent is possible for Nash strategies and for ESS.
Drawing on Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of social practice this paper develops a novel approach to the study of CSR. According to this approach, pro-social activities are conceptualized as social practices that are employed by individual managers in their personal struggles for social power. Whether such practices are enacted or not depends on the (1) particular features of the social field in which the managers are embedded, (2) the individual managers’ socially shaped dispositions and (3) their respective stock of different forms of capital. By combing these three concepts the Bourdieusian approach provides a particularly fruitful theoretical lens on CSR phenomena, not least as this allows reconciling seemingly competing conceptualizations in the existing CSR literature such as economic vs. non-economic motivation as drivers of CSR activity, micro- vs. macro-level explanations and voluntaristic vs. deterministic views of managers’ behaviors.
This article examines the impact of the distribution of preferences on equilib-rium behavior in conflicts modeled as all-pay auctions with identity-dependentexternalities. Centrists and radicals are defined using a willingness-to-pay cri-terion that admits preferences more general than a simple ordering on the line.Extremism, characterized by a higher per capita expenditure by radicals thancentrists, may persist and generate higher aggregate expenditure by radicals,even when they are relatively small in number. Our results demonstrate theimportance of the institutions of conflict in determining the role of extremismand moderation in economic, political, and social environments.
This paper analyzes optimal sampling and pricing of paid content for publishers of news websites. Publishers offer free content samples both to disclose journalistic quality to consumers and to generate online advertising revenues. We examine sampling where the publisher sets the number of free sample articles and consumers select the articles of their choice. Consumerslearn from the free samples in a Bayesian fashion and base their subscription decisions on posterior quality expectations. We show thatsampling enhances subscription demand only if consumers have low quality expectations in relation to actual quality. Taking advertising and subscription revenues into account, we find that the publisher should employ either a paid-only or a free content strategy when consumers have high quality expectations. When consumers have low quality expectations, employing a sampling strategy may be optimal for the publisher.
