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On the self-serving use of equity in international climate negotiations

We discuss self-serving uses of equity in international climate negotiations. Using unique data from a world-wide survey of agents involved in international climate policy, we show that the perceived support of different equity rules by countries can be explained by the ranking of their economic costs. Despite being self-serving, equity arguments may be perceived as being used for...

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English / 05/06/2008

Second-order stochastic dominance, reward-risk portfolio selection, and the CAPM

Starting from the reward-risk model for portfolio selection introduced in De Giorgi (2004), we derive the reward-risk Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) analogously to the classical mean-variance CAPM. The reward-risk portfolio selection arises from an axiomatic definition of reward and risk measures based on few basic principles, including consistency with second order stochastic...

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English / 01/06/2008

Local heroes and superstars - an empirical analysis of star attraction in German soccer

Recent studies of the demand for sports clearly indicate that stars play an important role in promoting fan interest. However, on theoretical grounds it is controversial if a star’s talent superiority and/or a star’s popularity drive match attendance and hence
increase gate revenues. Using longitudinal match attendance data of all clubs in the first German soccer league in a 9-...

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English / 01/06/2008

Happiness: a revolution in economics

Revolutionary developments in economics are rare. The conservative bias of the field and its enshrined knowledge make it difficult to introduce new ideas not in line with received theory. Happiness research, however, has the potential to change economics substantially. Its findings, which are gradually being taken into account in standard economics, can be considered revolutionary in...

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English / 01/06/2008

Levels of emotional awareness and autism: an fMRI study

Autism is associated with an inability to identify and distinguish one’s own feelings. We assessed this inability using alexithymia and empathy questionnaires, and used fMRI to investigate brain activity while introspecting on emotion. Individuals with high functioning autism/Asperger
syndrome (HFA/AS) were compared with matched controls. Participants rated stimuli from the...

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English / 01/06/2008

Stress that doesn’t pay: the commuting paradox

People spend a lot of time commuting and often find it a burden. According to economics, the burden of commuting is chosen when compensated either on the labor or on the housing market so that individuals’ utility is equalized. However, in a direct test of this strong notion of equilibrium, we find that people with longer commuting time report systematically lower subjective well-...

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English / 01/06/2008

Three strategies to deal with terrorism

Deterrence has been a crucial element in fighting terrorism. An economic analysis of terrorism also points to alternative and potentially superior policies. We suggest three policies that can well be integrated into existing constitutions of democratic and rule-based countries. Two policies are based on diminishing the benefits of committing terrorist acts for prospective terrorists...

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English / 01/06/2008

Mechanisms of superstar formation in German soccer: empirical evidence

Based on the competing theories of superstar formation proposed by Rosen (1981) and Adler (1985) it is controversial if first hand observable talent or other factors like past consumption and popularity influence stardom. This article investigates the emergence of superstars in German soccer. We use data on market values and individual player performance and publicity data to...

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English / 01/06/2008

Consumption, wealth and business cycles in Germany

This paper studies the long-run relationship between consumption, asset wealth and income - the consumption-wealth ratio - based on German data from 1980 to 2003. We find that departures from this long-run relationship
mainly predict adjustments in income. The German consumption-wealth ratio also contains considerable forecasting power for a range of business cycle indicators,...

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English / 01/06/2008

Learning affective values for faces is expressed in amygdala and fusiform gyrus

To monitor the environment for social threat humans must build affective evaluations of others. These evaluations are malleable and to a high degree shaped by responses engendered by specific social encounters. The precise neuronal mechanism by which these evaluations are constructed is poorly understood. We tested a hypothesis that conjoint activity in amygdala and fusiform gyrus...

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English / 01/06/2008

Der Ärzteindex: ein Instrument zur Beurteilung der Wirtschaftlichkeit von Grundversorgern

Zielsetzung: Auf der einen Seite erwarten die Öffentlichkeit und der Gesetzgeber[1] von den Schweizer Krankenversicherern, dass sie die Leistungserbringer[2] nach ihrer Wirtschaftlichkeit unterscheiden können. Auf der anderen Seite wird es mit dem steigenden Wettbewerbsdruck für den einzelnen Versicherer immer überlebensnotwendiger, die Wirtschaftlichkeitsbeurteilung möglichst gut zu...

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Deutsch / 01/06/2008

Loss Aversion

Loss aversion is traditionally defined in the context of lotteries over monetary payoffs. This paper extends the notion of loss aversion to a more general setup where outcomes (consequences) may not be measurable in monetary terms and people may have fuzzy preferences over lotteries, i.e. they may choose in a probabilistic manner. The implications of loss aversion are discussed for...

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English / 01/06/2008

Fair Value - Fluch oder Segen?: Wie Rechnungslegungsstandards Krisen im Finanzsektor verschärfen können

In der Finanzkrise, die sich aus dem Umgang mit Werten des amerikanischen Immobilienmarktes ergeben hat, spielen sogenannt faire Bewertungen der Vermögenstitel und die dadurch notwendig gewordenen Abschreibungen eine zentrale Rolle. Der Autor des folgenden Beitrags geht der Frage nach, wie weit die moderne Rechnungslegung mit der Bewertung zum Fair Value sinnvoll ist und die...

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Deutsch / 31/05/2008

Oxytocin shapes the neural circuitry of trust and trust adaptation in humans

Trust and betrayal of trust are ubiquitous in human societies. Recent behavioral evidence shows that the neuropeptide oxytocin increases trust among humans, thus offering a unique chance of gaining a deeper understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying trust and the adaptation to breach of trust. We examined the neural circuitry of trusting behavior by combining the intranasal,...

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English / 22/05/2008

Berufliche Vorsorge und Unternehmen

Das Paper zeigt auf dem Hintergrund von Interviews mit Schlüsselpersonen anhand von 7 Thesen die heutige Situation und beschreibt Handlungsfelder und Gestaltungsspielräume für Unternehmen

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Deutsch / 15/05/2008

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