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New approaches to the study of human brain networks underlying spatial attention and related processes

Cognitive processes, such as spatial attention, are thought to rely on extended networks in the human brain. Both clinical data from lesioned patients and fMRI data acquired when healthy subjects perform particular cognitive tasks typically implicate a wide expanse of potentially contributing areas, rather than just a single brain area. Conversely, evidence from more targeted...

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English / 01/01/2010

Studying the role of human parietal cortex in visuospatial attention with concurrent TMS-fMRI

Combining transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) with concurrent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) allows study of how local brain stimulation may causally affect activity in remote brain regions. Here, we applied bursts of high- or low-intensity TMS over right posterior parietal cortex, during a task requiring sustained covert visuospatial attention to either the left or...

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English / 01/01/2010

Neural mechanisms of observational learning

Individuals can learn by interacting with the environment and experiencing a difference between predicted and obtained outcomes (prediction error). However, many species also learn by observing the actions and outcomes of others. In contrast to individual learning, observational learning cannot be based on directly experienced outcome prediction errors. Accordingly, the behavioral...

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English / 01/01/2010

Neural responses to ingroup and outgroup members' suffering predict individual differences in costly helping

Little is known about the neurobiological mechanisms underlying prosocial decisions and how they are modulated by social factors such as perceived group membership. The present study investigates the neural processes preceding the willingness to engage in costly helping toward ingroup and outgroup members. Soccer fans witnessed a fan of their favorite team (ingroup member) or of a...

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English / 01/01/2010

The role of anterior insular cortex in social emotions

Functional neuroimaging investigations in the fields of social neuroscience and neuroeconomics indicate that the anterior insular cortex (AI) is consistently involved in empathy, compassion, and interpersonal phenomena such as fairness and cooperation. These findings suggest that AI plays an important role in social emotions, hereby defined as affective states that arise when we...

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English / 01/01/2010

Empathic brain responses in insula are modulated by levels of alexithymia but not autism

Difficulties in social cognition are well recognized in individuals with autism spectrum conditions (henceforth 'autism'). Here we focus on one crucial aspect of social cognition: the ability to empathize with the feelings of another. In contrast to theory of mind, a capacity that has often been observed to be impaired in individuals with autism, much less is known about...

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English / 01/01/2010

Visuohaptic convergence in a corticocerebellar network

The processing of visual and haptic inputs, occurring either separately or jointly, is crucial for everyday-life object recognition, and has been a focus of recent neuroimaging research. Previously, visuohaptic convergence has been mostly investigated with matching-task paradigms. However, much less is known about visuohaptic convergence in the absence of additional task demands. We...

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English / 01/01/2010

Virtual faces as a tool to study emotion recognition deficits in schizophrenia

Studies investigating emotion recognition in patients with schizophrenia predominantly presented photographs of facial expressions. Better control and higher flexibility of emotion displays could be afforded by virtual reality (VR). VR allows the manipulation of facial expression and can simulate social interactions in a controlled and yet more naturalistic environment. However, to...

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English / 01/01/2010

Wikipedia: Ein neues Produktionsmodell und seine rechtlichen Hürden

Die erfolgreiche Internet-Enzyklopädie Wikipedia demonstriert das Potential alternativerProduktionsmodelle für bedeutende Innovationen, die mit traditionellen Methoden nicht erreichbarsind. Sie arbeitet einerseits mit einem barrierefreien Zugang und setzt andererseits – etwa bezüglich Umfang und Aktualität – neue Maßstäbe. In der Rechtsentwicklung wird dies noch kaum berücksichtigt....

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Deutsch / 01/01/2010

Swiss GAAP FER-Umstellung und -Einführung: Vorgehen und Stolpersteine

Jüngst haben sich mehrere Publikumsgesellschaften entschieden, ihre Rechnungslegung von International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) auf Swiss GAAP FER umzustellen. Zudem hat die Debatte zum Entwurf für ein Rechnungslegungsgesetz das Interesse an Swiss GAAP FER neu entfacht. Auch öffentlich-rechtliche Körperschaften beschäftigen sich zunehmend mit Swiss GAAP FER. Der Artikel...

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Deutsch / 01/01/2010

Der "richtige" Rechnungslegungsstandard

Auf den Abschluss 2009 hin haben sich etliche, an der SIX Swiss Exchange kotierte Gesellschaften entschlossen, den Rechnungslegungsstandard und als Konsequenz davon auch das Segment zu wechseln. Verschiedentlich ist in der Wirtschaftspresse die Frage diskutiert worden, ob es sich dabei um einen Trend oder nur um eine einmalige Absetzbewegung handelt. Um gleich die persönliche Meinung...

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Deutsch / 01/01/2010

"Feeling" the pain of those who are different from us: Modulation of EEG in the mu/alpha range

We explored how apparently painful stimuli and the ability to identify with the person on whom the pain is inflicted modulate EEG suppression in the mu/alpha range (8-12 Hz). In a 2 × 2 design, we presented pictures of hands either experiencing needle pricks or being touched by a Q-tip. In the dissimilar-other condition, the hand was assigned to a patient suffering from a...

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English / 01/01/2010

Is competition good for innovation? A simple approach to an unresolved question

The relation between the intensity of competition and R&D investmenthas received a lot of attention, both in the theoretical and in the empirical literature. Nevertheless, no consensus on the sign of the effect of competition on innovation has emerged. This survey of the literature identifies sources of confusion in the theoretical debate. My discussion is mainly based on a...

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English / 01/01/2010

Hochschullandschaft Schweiz II. Gestern, heute, morgen

Die Steuerung der Hochschullandschaft der Schweiz und vorab die Rolle des Bundes soll
grundsätzlich reformiert werden. Ausgehend vom hochschulpolitischen Konzept der 1990er
Jahre werden Trends und damit verbundener Wandel in Lehre und Forschung beschrieben.
Dies führt zu Herausforderungen einer künftigen hochschulpolitischen Steuerung. Vor diesem
Hintergrund...

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Deutsch / 01/01/2010

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