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The Brain Connectivity Workshops: moving the frontiers of computational systems neuroscience

Understanding the link between neurobiology and cognition requires that neuroscience moves beyond mere structure-function correlations. An explicit systems perspective is needed in which putative mechanisms of how brain function is
constrained by brain structure are mathematically formalized and made accessible for experimental investigation. Such a systems approach critically...

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English / 01/08/2008

Bayesian estimation of synaptic physiology from the spectral responses of neural masses

We describe a Bayesian inference scheme for quantifying the active physiology of neuronal ensembles using local field recordings of synaptic potentials. This entails the inversion of a generative neural mass model of
steady-state spectral activity. The inversion uses Expectation Maximization (EM) to furnish the posterior probability of key synaptic parameters and the marginal...

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English / 01/08/2008

Perspective taking is associated with specific facial responses during empathy for pain

Witnessing the distress of others can result both in empathy and personal distress. Perspective-taking has been assigned a major role in the elicitation and modulation of these vicarious responses. However, little is known about how perspective-taking affects the psychophysiological correlates of empathy vs. personal distress. We recorded facial electromyographic and...

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English / 01/08/2008

Preference Reversals and Probabilistic Choice

Preference reversals occur when different (but formally equivalent) elicitation methodsnreveal conflicting preferences over two alternatives. This paper shows that when people have fuzzy preferences i.e. when they choose in a probabilistic manner, their observed decisions can generate systematic preference reversals. A simple model of probabilistic choice and valuation can account...

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English / 01/08/2008

The Risk Premium on the Euro Area Market Portfolio: The Role of Real Estate

Incomplete consumption risk sharing implies that the market risk premium is high in times of lack of risk sharing and vice versa. In the time period from 1980 to 2007, this implication of incomplete consumption risk sharing for the market price of risk is not mirrored in excess returns on stocks but in returns on real estate both in the Euro Area and in the U.S. This finding thus...

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English / 01/08/2008

A pioneer of a new monetary policy? Sweden's price level targeting of the 1930s revisited

The paper re-examines Sweden’s price level targeting during the 1930s which is regarded as a precursor of today’s inflation targeting. According to conventional wisdom the Riksbank was the first central bank to adopt price level targeting as the guideline for its activities, although in practice giving priority to exchange rate stabilisation over price level stabilisation. On the...

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English / 01/08/2008

Globalisierte Finanzmärkte mildern die Folgen der Kreditkrise: grosse Wohlfahrtsgewinne durch die internationale Risikoteilung

Die internationale Verflechtung der Finanzmärkte hat stark zugenommen. Viele kritisieren, dies habe die gegenwärtige Kreditkrise verschärft, wenn nicht gar ausgelöst, und fordern schärfere Regulierungen. Der Autor wendet sich gegen diese Kritik. Die Verteilung von Kreditrisiken über die Welt hinweg bringe Wohlfahrtsgewinne. Zudem würden globalisierte Finanzmärkte mithelfen, die...

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Deutsch / 26/07/2008

Towards a political conception of leadership responsibility

The paper is concerned with the concept of leadership responsibility. Responsible leadership understood as normatively appropriate conduct in the pursuit of the organizational goals addresses the challenges of nowadays’ leaders in the light of global transformation processes. The paper argues that existing schools of the leadership phenomenon, herein paradigmatically grouped as “...

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English / 12/07/2008

Direktinvestitionen - Aktuelle Entwicklungen in Theorie, Praxis und Politik

Im Zuge der Globalisierung erfahren ausländische Direktinvestitionen
(Foreign Direct Investment, FDI) eine steigende Bedeutung: Für Unternehmen sind sie ein Kernelement in der Internationalisierungsstrategie, und für Volkswirtschaften sind sie eine wichtige Einflussgrösse im Hinblick auf Wachstum, Beschäftigung, Zahlungsbilanz und Technologietransfer. Auch die...

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Deutsch / 09/07/2008

Les investissements directs: évolution actuelle en théorie, pratique et politique

Les investissements directs étrangers (IDE) prennent une importance
grandissante avec la mondialisation. Ils constituent, en effet, un élément primordial de la stratégie d'internationalisation des entreprises, tandis que leur apport est essentiel pour la croissance économique, l'emploi, la balance des paiements et les transferts de technologie. Les IDE sont aussi...

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Français / 09/07/2008

Globalization critics vs. free trade theory: ideological conflicts and the behaviour of MNEs

We discuss the ideological conflict between critics of globalization and free trade theorists who deconstruct the metanarrative of universal human rights that underlies the social agenda of the globalization critics. We point out the implications for the corporate objective function and the
social behaviour of multinational corporations. The ideological conflict has not yet...

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English / 03/07/2008

Effects of unexpected chords and of performer's expression on brain responses and electrodermal activity

BACKGROUND: There is lack of neuroscientific studies investigating music processing with naturalistic stimuli, and brain responses to real music are, thus, largely unknown.
METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: This study investigates event-related brain potentials (ERPs), skin conductance responses (SCRs) and heart rate (HR) elicited by unexpected chords of piano sonatas as they...

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English / 01/07/2008

Optimal testing of multiple hypotheses with common effect direction

We present a theoretical basis for testing related endpoints. Typically, it is known hownto construct tests of the individual hypotheses, and the problem is how to combine them into a multiple test procedure that controls the familywise error rate. Using the closure method, we emphasize the role of consonant procedures, from an interpretive as well as a theoretical viewpoint....

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English / 01/07/2008

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