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KOF Prognose der Gesundheitsausgaben Frühjahr 2017

Köthenbürger, Marko; Sandqvist, Anna Pauliina

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English, Deutsch / 01/06/2017

Brain versus brawn: the realization of women's comparative advantage

In the last decades the US economy experienced a rise in female labor force participation, a reversal of the gender education gap and a closing of the gender wage gap. Importantly, these changes occurred at a substantially different pace over time. During the same period, workers in the US faced a considerable shift in labor demand from more physical to more intellectual skill…

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English / 01/06/2017

Systematic consumption risk in currency returns

We sort currencies into portfolios by countries’ past consumption growth. The excess return of the highest- over the lowest-consumption-growth portfolio – our consumption carry factor – compensates for negative returns during world-wide downturns and prices the cross-section of portfolio-sorted and of bilateral currency returns. Empirically, sorting currencies on consumption growth…

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English / 01/06/2017

Voting with public information

We study the effect of public information on collective decision-making in committees, where members can have both common and conflicting interests. In the presence of public information, the simple and efficient vote-your-signal strategy profile no longer constitutes an equilibrium under the commonly-used simultaneous voting rules, while the intuitive but inefficient follow-the-…

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English / 01/06/2017

On linear transformations of intersections

For any linear transformation and two convex closed sets, we provide necessary and sufficient conditions for when the transformation of the intersection of the sets coincides with the intersection of their images. We also identify analogous conditions for non-convex sets, general transformations, and multiple sets. We demonstrate the usefulness of our results via an application to…

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English / 01/06/2017

Inducing variety: a theory of innovation contests

This paper analyzes the design of innovation contests when the quality of an innovation depends on the research approach, but the best approach is unknown. Inducing a variety of research approaches is desirable because it generates an option value. We show that suitable contests can induce such variety. The optimal contest is a bonus tournament, where suppliers can choose only…

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English / 01/06/2017

Job mobility and creative destruction: flexicurity in the land of Schumpeter

This paper evaluates the 2003 Austrian severance-pay reform, often advocated as a role model for structural reforms in countries plagued by inflexible labor markets and high unemployment. The reform replaced a system with tenure-based severance payments after a layoff (but not after a quit) by payments into pension accounts that accrue to workers after a layoff as well as after a…

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English / 01/06/2017

Valuation of the flexibility of power-to-gas facilities

Power-to-gas (P2G) is a technology that converts electrical power to gas fuels like methane for storage in the natural gas grid. Due to the low efficiency, the production of synthetic methane is only profitable if electricity is sufficiently cheap. However, P2G facilities are flexible consumers and can benefit from short-term price fluctuations on the electricity spot market. We use…

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English / 01/06/2017

Gender differences in willingness to compete: the role of public observability

A recent literature emphasizes the importance of the gender gap in willingness to compete as a partial explanation for gender differences in labor market outcomes. However, whereas experiments investigating willingness to compete typically do so in anonymous environments, real world competitions often have a more public nature, which introduces potential social image concerns. If…

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English / 01/06/2017

Hunting unicorns? Experimental evidence on predatory pricing policies

We study the anticompetitive effects of predatory pricing and the efficacy of three policy responses. In a series of experiments where an incumbent and a potential entrant interact, we compare prices, market structures and welfare. Under a laissez-faire regime, the threat of post-entry price cuts discourages entry, and allows incumbents to charge monopoly prices. Current U.S. policy…

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English / 01/06/2017

Multiple testing of one-sided hypotheses: combining Bonferroni and the bootstrap

In many multiple testing problems, the individual null hypotheses (i) concern univariate parameters and (ii) are one-sided. In such problems, power gains can be obtained for bootstrap multiple testing procedures in scenarios where some of the parameters are 'deep in the null' by making certain adjustments to the null distribution under which to resample. In this paper, we…

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English / 01/06/2017

Mortality inequality in Canada and the U.S.: divergent or convergent trends?

Mortality is a crucial dimension of wellbeing and inequality in a population, and mortality trends have been at the core of public debates in many Western countries. In this paper, we provide the first analysis of mortality inequality in Canada and compare its development to trends in the U.S. We find strong reductions in mortality rates across both genders and at all ages, with the…

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English / 01/06/2017

Correlation between white matter microstructure and executive functions suggests early developmental influence on long fibre tracts in preterm born adolescents

Main objectives: Executive functions are frequently a weakness in children born preterm. We examined associations of executive functions and general cognitive abilities with brain structure in preterm born adolescents who were born with appropriate weight for gestational age and who have no radiological signs of preterm brain injury on neuroimaging.
Methods: The Stockholm…

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English / 01/06/2017

Targeted undersmoothing

This paper proposes a post-model selection inference procedure, called targeted undersmoothing, designed to construct uniformly valid confidence sets for a broad class of functionals of sparse high-dimensional statistical models. These include dense functionals, which may potentially depend on all elements of an unknown high-dimensional parameter. The proposed confidence sets are…

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English / 01/06/2017

Micro, macro, and strategic forces in international trade invoicing

The use of different currencies in the invoicing of international trade transactions plays a major role in the international transmission of economic fluctuations. Existing studies argue that an exporter's invoicing choice reflects structural aspects of her industry, such as market share and the price-sensitivity of demand, the hedging of marginal costs, due for instance to the…

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/ 30/05/2017

Externer Verwaltungsrat - Mehrwert für ein familiengeführtes KMU

Ein externer Verwaltungsrat (VR) kann familiengeführten KMU als Sparringpartner dienen, eine Aussensicht einbringen und dadurch die Betriebsblindheit reduzieren. Zudem wird an Themen gearbeitet, welche die Zukunft der Firma betreffen. Neben den grossen Chancen gibt es jedoch einige Voraussetzungen, damit ein externer VR in KMU auch seine Schlagkraft entfalten kann.

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Deutsch / 30/05/2017

The banking sector and the Swiss financial account during the financial and European debt crises

The US financial crisis and the later eurozone crisis have substantially impacted capital flows into and out of financial centers like Switzerland. We focus on the pattern of capital flows involving the Swiss banking industry. We first rely on balance-of-payment statistics and show that net banking inflows rose during the acute phases of the crises, albeit with a contrasting pattern…

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/ 29/05/2017

The effect of corporate taxes on investment: evidence from the Colombian firms

The paper assesses the role of taxes on investment in Colombian firms. The analysis is carried out at the firm level for the period 2003-2014. During this period, the national government set five different tax reforms, including changes in the statutory tax rates, tax credits and incentives for corporate investment. The effect of corporate taxation on investment is estimated by first…

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/ 29/05/2017

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