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Handing out guns at a knife fight: behavioral limitations of subgame-perfect implementation

The assumption that payoff-relevant information is observable but not verifiable is important for many core results in contract, organizational and institutional economics. However, subgame-perfect implementation (SPI) mechanisms - which are based on off-equilibrium arbitration clauses that impose fines for lying and the inappropriate use of arbitration - can be used to render payoff…

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English / 01/08/2014

Growing (with capital controls) like China

This paper explores the effects of capital controls and policies regulating interest rates and the exchange rate in a model of economic transition applied to China. It builds on Song, Storesletten, and Zilibotti (2011) who construct a growth model consistent with salient features of the recent Chinese growth experience: high output growth, sustained returns on capital investment,…

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English / 01/08/2014

Do female officers improve law enforcement quality? Effects on crime reporting and domestic violence escalation

We study the impact of the integration of women in US policing between the late 1970s and early 1990s on violent crime reporting and domestic violence escalation. Along these two key dimensions, we find that female officers improved police quality. Using crime victimization data, we find that as female representation increases among officers in an area, violent crimes against women…

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English / 01/08/2014

Risky adjustments or adjustments to risks: Decomposing bank leverage

By use of cointegration analysis, this paper splits bank leverage into a short- and long-run dimension. Regarding the long run, if banks’ leverage ratios or related liability shares are stable over time, they form a cointegrating relationship. Thus, cointegration tests indicate whether banks’ liability ratios were stable or subject to structural breaks during the financial crisis in…

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English / 01/08/2014

Risk adjustment in aging societies

Background: In Switzerland, age is the predominant driver of solidarity transfers in risk adjustment (RA). Concerns have been voiced regarding growing imbalances in cost sharing between young and old insured due to demographic changes (larger fraction of elderly >65 years and rise in average age). Particularly young adults aged 19–25 with limited incomes have to shoulder…

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English / 01/08/2014

Ambivalente Massnahmen: Wohlfahrtsstaatliche Reformen und ihre Auswirkungen

Rechtliche Interventionen mit sozialpolitischer Zielsetzung im Binnenraum privater Lebensformen zeitigen neben den beabsichtigten auch ungewollte und unerwünschte Wirkungen. Dies lässt sich am Beispiel zweier jüngerer gleichstellungspolitisch motivierter Sozial- und Familienrechtsreformen zeigen, die bei näherem Hinschauen widersprüchliche Anreize senden. Diese sind unter anderem…

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Deutsch / 01/08/2014

Les réformes de l'Etat-providence et leurs conséquences ambivalentes

Les réformes de société peuvent parfois produire des effets indésirables. Il est possible d'illustrer ce constat en examinant deux réformes récentes dans le domaine de la politique sociale et familiale. Motivées par un souci de promouvoir l'égalité entre les sexes, ces réformes ont créé des incitations contradictoires. L'explication réside notamment dans la coexistence…

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Français / 01/08/2014

Can system dynamics learn from social network analysis?

This article deals with the analysis of large or complex system dynamics (SD) models, exploring the benefits of a multimethodological approach to model analysis. We compare model analysis results from SD and social network analysis (SNA) by deploying SNA techniques on a pertinent example from the SD literature—the world dynamics model. Although SNA is a clearly distinct method from…

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English / 24/07/2014

Do Polls Create Momentum in Political Competition?

We explore how public opinion polls affect candidates' campaign spending in political competition. Generally, polls lead to (more) asymmetric behavior. Under a majority rule there always exists an equilibrium in which the initially more popular candidate invests more in the campaign and thereby increases her lead in expectation: polls create momentum. When campaigning is very…

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English / 22/07/2014

The development of human amygdala functional connectivity at rest from 4 to 23 years: a cross-sectional study

Functional connections (FC) between the amygdala and cortical and subcortical regions underlie a range of affective and cognitive processes. Despite the central role amygdala networks have in these functions, the normative developmental emergence of FC between the amygdala and the rest of the brain is still largely undefined. This study employed amygdala subregion maps and resting-…

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English / 15/07/2014

Numeracy and the impact of high food prices in industrializing Britain, 1780–1850

Using census-based data on the ability to recall one's age, we show that low levels of nutrition impaired numeracy in industrializing England, 1780 to 1850: cognitive ability declined among those born during the Napoleonic wars. The effect was stronger in areas where grain was expensive and relief for the poor, an early form of welfare support was limited. Nutritional shortages…

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English / 15/07/2014

A spot-forward model for electricity prices

We propose a novel regime-switching approach for modeling electricity spot prices that takes into account the relation between spot and forward prices. Additionally the model is able to reproduce spikes and negative prices. Market prices are based on an observed forward curve. We distinguish between a base regime and an upper as well as a lower spike regime. The model parameters are…

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English / 15/07/2014

Causal pitfalls in the decomposition of wage gaps

The decomposition of gender or ethnic wage gaps into explained and unexplained components (often with the aim to assess labor market discrimination) has been a major research agenda in empirical labor economics. This paper demonstrates that conventional decompositions, no matter whether linear or non-parametric, are equivalent to assuming a (probably too) simplistic model of…

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English / 10/07/2014

Tax competition with heterogeneous firms

This paper studies tax competition in an economic geography model that allows for agglomeration economies with trade costs and heterogeneous firms. We find that the Nash equilibrium involves the large country charging a higher tax than the small nation. Lower trade costs lead to an intensification of competition, a drop in Nash tax rates, and a narrowing of the gap. Since large,…

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/ 02/07/2014

Taxes and international risk sharing

We examine the extent to which differences in international tax rates may account for the small correlations of per capita consumption fluctuations across countries. Theory implies a close relationship between relative consumption growth, and consumption and capital income tax rate differentials. We find strong empirical evidence for this relationship. Idiosyncratic output…

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/ 01/07/2014

Maintaining efficiency while integrating entrants from lower-performing groups: an experimental study

Efficiently growing a group or firm often requires integration of individuals from lower-performing entities. We explore the effectiveness of two policies intended to facilitate such integration, using a laboratory experiment that models production as a coordination game with Pareto-ranked equilibria. We initially create an efficient group and an inefficient one. We then allow…

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English / 01/07/2014

The consumption-income ratio, entrepreneurial risk and the US stock market: technical appendix

This appendix is for publication as supplementary web-material only. The main article will appear in the Journal of Money, Credit and Banking.

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English / 01/07/2014

Do leaders affect ethical conduct?

We study whether leaders influence the unethical conduct of followers. To avoid selection issues present in natural environments, we use a laboratory experiment in which we form groups and assign leadership roles at random. We study an environment in which groups compete, with dishonest behavior enhancing group earnings to the detriment of social welfare. We vary, by treatment, two…

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English / 01/07/2014

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