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Disclosure, investment and regulation

This paper provides a framework to analyze voluntary and mandatory disclosure. Since improved disclosure reduces the entrepreneur's ability to extract private benefits, it secures funding for new investments, but also provides existing claimholders with a windfall gain. As a result, the entrepreneur may choose to forgo investment in favor of extracting more private benefits. A…

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English / 01/01/2006

Optimal Product Design: A CAPM Approach

We study properties of structured financial products optimizing a utility functional of a customer. The conventional method may have the disadvantage that the a priori restriction to a certain number of assets could make it impossible to find the optimal portfolio. So instead of optimizing the distribution of given assets, we impose only the price constraint as given by the CAPM and…

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English / 01/01/2006

Modelling Alpha-Opportunities Within the CAPM

We consider a simple CAPM with heterogenous expectations on assets mean returns while keeping the assumption of homogenous expectations on the covariance of returns. Our first result derives the security market line as an aggregation result without using the two-fund-separation property. In particular every investor can hold optimal portfolios that are underdiversified.In our model…

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English / 01/01/2006

Market Selection in an Evolutionary Market with Creation and Disappearance of Assets

Identifying investment strategies that will survive in the long run is a main endeavor in the eld of evolutionary nance. The evolutionary perspective on the nancial market considers rather long time horizons, making the creation and disappearance of rms a highly relevant factor in determining such strategies. However, this factor has not been examined in existing research. This paper…

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English / 01/01/2006

Performance Funding of Swiss Universities – success or failure? An ex post analysis

In the past decade, based on a change in paradigms in university policy, performance funding on a cantonal and central state level has been introduced in Switzerland: the universities have been granted higher autonomy, combined with global budgets and contract management by the responsible authorities (cantonal authorities). At the same time, the allocation of the central state…

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English / 01/01/2006

Price Structure in Two-Sided Markets: Evidence from the Magazine Industry

We present and estimate a model of competition in a two-sided market: the market for magazine readership and advertising. Using data on magazines in Germany, we find evidence that magazines have properties of two-sided markets. The results are consistent with the perception that prices for readers are ‘subsidized’ and that magazines make all their money from advertisers. Consistent…

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English / 01/01/2006

A theory of the corporate decision to resist FASB standards: An organization theory perspective

Purpose - To discuss the factors which make companies resist US accounting standards proposed by the FASB (Financial Accounting Standards Board).
Design/methodology/approach - Explains the FASB's standard setting process and reviews previous relevant research to develop 12 research propositions on the variables relating to the standards, the corporations and their…

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English / 01/01/2006

Perceptions of organizational downsizing

This paper uses cognitive dissonance theory as a foundation for developing hypotheses about how past experience as a layoff agent influences respondents' perceptions of organizational downsizing. Consistent with many theoretical frameworks in organization studies, cognitive dissonance is conceptualized as an unmeasured construct that mediates between layoff agency and…

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English / 01/01/2006

Neural coding of tactile decisions in the human prefrontal cortex

The neural processes underlying tactile decisions in the human brain remain elusive. We addressed this question in a functional magnetic resonance imaging study using a somatosensory discrimination task, requiring participants to compare the frequency of two successive tactile stimuli. Tactile stimuli per se engaged somatosensory, parietal, and frontal cortical regions. Using a…

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English / 01/01/2006

Concurrent TMS-fMRI and psychophysics reveal frontal influences on human retinotopic visual cortex

Our results provide causal evidence that circuits originating in the human FEF can modulate activity in retinotopic visual cortex, in a manner that differentiates the central and peripheral visual field, with functional consequences for perception. More generally, our study illustrates how the new approach of concurrent TMS-fMRI can now reveal causal interactions between remote but…

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English / 01/01/2006

On-line attentional selection from competing stimuli in opposite visual fields: effects on human visual cortex and control processes

We used fMRI to investigate competition and on-line attentional selection between targets and distractors in opposite visual hemifields. Displays comprised a high-contrast square-wave grating, defined as target by its orientation, presented alone (unilateral) or with a similar distractor of orthogonal orientation in the opposite hemifield (bilateral displays). The target appeared…

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English / 01/01/2006

Attentional preparation for a lateralized visual distractor: behavioral and fMRI evidence

Attending to the location of an expected visual target can lead to anticipatory activations in spatiotopic occipital cortex, emerging before target onset. But less is known about how the brain may prepare for a distractor at a known location remote from the target. In a psychophysical experiment, we found that trial-to-trial advance knowledge about the presence of a distractor in the…

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English / 01/01/2006

FMRI evidence for a three-stage model of deductive reasoning

Deductive reasoning is fundamental to science, human culture, and the solution of problems in daily life. It starts with premises and yields a logically necessary conclusion that is not explicit in the premises. Here we investigated the neurocognitive processes underlying logical thinking with event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging. We specifically focused on three…

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English / 01/01/2006

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