Comptabilité et contrôle comptable

Liquidity Risk, Return Predictability, and Hedge Funds’ Performance: An Empirical Study

Description: 

This article analyzes the effect of liquidity risk on the performance of equity hedge fund portfolios. Similarly to Avramov, Kosowski, Naik, and Teo (2007),(2011), we observe that, before accounting for the effect of liquidity risk, hedge fund portfolios that incor- porate predictability in managerial skills generate superior performance. This outperfor-mance disappears or weakens substantially for most emerging markets, event-driven, and long/short hedge fund portfolios once we account for liquidity risk. Moreover, we show that the equity market-neutral and long/short hedge fund portfolios’ “alphas” also entail rents for their service as liquidity providers. These results hold under various robustness tests.

Do Implicit Barriers Matter for Globalization?

Description: 

Market liberalization may not result in full market integration if implicit barriers are important. We test this proposition for investable and non-investable segments of twenty- two emerging markets (EMs). We also measure the degree of integration for six major developed markets (DMs) as a meaningful benchmark. We find that while the DMs are close to fully integrated, both EM segments are not effectively integrated with the global economy. We quantify the importance of implicit barriers and show that better institutions, stronger corporate governance, and more transparent markets in EMs would jointly contribute to a higher degree of integration by about 20% to 30%. (JEL G15, F30, G30)

Comments on : Nonparametric Tail Risk, Stock Returns and the Macroeconomy

Description: 

This paper contains comments on Nonparametric Tail Risk, Stock Returns and the Macroeconomy.

Real Estate Research in Europe

Description: 

We investigate the evolution from 2000 to 2015 in the proportion of papers published by authors with a European affiliation in the three main international real estate journals. Then, we analyze papers with at least one European author and/or concentrating on Europe published from 2008 to 2015 in the two main European real estate journals by authors’ country of affiliation, by country of study and by theme. Finally, we analyze linkages between country of affiliation and country of study and theme, respectively. Our results show that the proportion of papers published by European authors in the three main international real estate journals has increased during the 2000-2015 period. Our analyses of papers published in the two European real estate journals suggest that U.K.-based researchers are the most prolific. There is also a strong ‘home bias’ in that authors largely focus on the country in which they are based. The interest in housing and valuation increased markedly during the period. Finally, we report linkages between country of affiliation and theme.

High Frequency House Price Indexes with Scarce Data

Description: 

We show how a method that has been applied to commercial real estate markets can be used to produce high frequency house price indexes for a city and for submarkets within a city. Our application of this method involves estimating a set of annual robust repeat sales regressions staggered by start date and then undertaking an annual-to-monthly (ATM) transformation with a generalized inverse estimator. Using transactions data for Louisville, Kentucky, we show that the method substantially reduces the volatility of high frequency indexes at the city and submarket levels. We demonstrate that both volatility and the benefits from using the ATM method are related to sample size.

Real Estate Company Reactions to Financial Market Regulation

Description: 

This study investigates the impact of international financial regulation on listed real estate companies. In particular, we look at how three regulatory reforms undertaken in the aftermath of the global financial crisis have affected returns and credit default swap (CDS) spreads of real estate companies. The three reforms are aimed at regulating different segments of the market – Basel III targets banks, and could restrict the availability of bank debt to the sector, the Alternative Investment Fund Management Directive (AIFMD) targets funds, which could increase compliance costs and reduce the potential investor pool, while the European Market Infrastructure Regulation (EMIR) is aimed at derivative trading and could impact the cost of debt capital. We employ an event study methodology using daily financial market data and identify the regulatory events through news in the media. Regulatory event are identified based on news articles in major international financial newspapers and news agencies related to above regulations. The results show that, on average, market participants trading real estate equities and CDSs respond significantly to announcements about Basel III, AIFMD and EMIR, however, we observe differences across the countries the types of companies (large versus small, more leveraged versus less leveraged) and across the regulations. The strongest effects for equity are associated with Basel III and AIFMD. The effects on the credit side are much larger in scale but less frequent. The impact of the regulatory reforms is strongest for UK property companies, large companies and companies with high leverage. Overall, albeit not directly, the performance of listed property companies is significantly affected by news about financial regulatory reforms.

Margining in derivatives markets and the stability of the banking sector

Description: 

We investigate the effects of margining, a widely-used mechanism for attaching collateral to derivatives contracts, on derivatives trading volume, default risk, and on the welfare in the banking sector. First, we develop a stylized banking sector equilibrium model to develop some basic intuition of the effects of margining. We find that a margin requirement can be privately and socially sub-optimal. Subsequently, we extend this model into a dynamic simulation model that captures some of the essential characteristics of over-the-counter derivatives markets. Contrarily to the common belief that margining always reduces default risk, we find that there exist situations in which margining increases default risk, reduces aggregate derivatives’ trading volume, and has an ambiguous effect on welfare in the banking sector. The negative effects of margining are exacerbated during periods of market stress when margin rates are high and collateral is scarce. We also find that central counterparties only lift some of the inefficiencies caused by margining.

Are the investable indices priced globally or locally?

Foreign exchange exposure of U.S. firms and macroeconomic conditions: is there a link?

Is exchange risk priced beyond intertemporal risk?

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